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  • ‘Matching Michigan’: a 2-year stepped interventional programme to minimise central venous catheter-blood stream infections in intensive care units in England

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Original research
‘Matching Michigan’: a 2-year stepped interventional programme to minimise central venous catheter-blood stream infections in intensive care units in England
  1. Julian Bion1,
  2. Annette Richardson2,
  3. Peter Hibbert3,
  4. Jeanette Beer3,
  5. Tracy Abrusci1,
  6. Martin McCutcheon4,
  7. Jane Cassidy2,
  8. Jane Eddleston5,
  9. Kevin Gunning6,
  10. Geoff Bellingan7,
  11. Mark Patten8,
  12. David Harrison9
  13. THE MATCHING MICHIGAN COLLABORATION & WRITING COMMITTEE
  1. 1Intensive Care Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
  2. 2Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
  3. 3National Patient Safety Agency, London, UK
  4. 4Department of Health, London, UK
  5. 5Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
  6. 6Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
  7. 7University College London, London, UK
  8. 8Luton & Dunstable Hospital, Luton, UK
  9. 9Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, UK
  1. Correspondence to Professor Julian Bion, University of Birmingham, N5 Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2UN, UK; c.s.price{at}bham.ac.uk

Abstract

Background Bloodstream infections from central venous catheters (CVC-BSIs) increase morbidity and costs in intensive care units (ICUs). Substantial reductions in CVC-BSI rates have been reported using a combination of technical and non-technical interventions.

Methods We conducted a 2-year, four-cluster, stepped non-randomised study of technical and non-technical (behavioural) interventions to prevent CVC-BSIs in adult and paediatric ICUs in England. Random-effects Poisson regression modelling was used to compare infection rates. A sample of ICUs participated in data verification.

Results Of 223 ICUs in England, 215 (196 adult, 19 paediatric) submitted data on 2479 of 2787 possible months and 147 (66%) provided complete data. The exposure rate was 438 887 (404 252 adult and 34 635 paediatric) CVC-patient days. Over 20 months, 1092 CVC-BSIs were reported. Of these, 884 (81%) were ICU acquired. For adult ICUs, the mean CVC-BSI rate decreased over 20 months from 3.7 in the first cluster to 1.48 CVC-BSIs/1000 CVC-patient days (p<0.0001) for all clusters combined, and for paediatric ICUs from 5.65 to 2.89 (p=0.625). The trend for infection rate reduction did not accelerate following interventions training. CVC utilisation rates remained stable. Pre-ICU infections declined in parallel with ICU-acquired infections. Criterion-referenced case note review showed high agreement between adjudicators (κ 0.706) but wide variation in blood culture sampling rates and CVC utilisation. Generic infection control practices varied widely.

Conclusions The marked reduction in CVC-BSI rates in English ICUs found in this study is likely part of a wider secular trend for a system-wide improvement in healthcare-associated infections. Opportunities exist for greater harmonisation of infection control practices. Future studies should investigate causal mechanisms and contextual factors influencing the impact of interventions directed at improving patient care.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001325

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