Epidemiology | Empirical | Hospitalisation and death rates highest among black subjects | USA | CDC (1996)59 | III |
Diagnostics | Empirical | Lung function varies across ethnic groups | USA | Woolcock (1972)60 | III |
| | | | Hsu (1979)61 | III |
| | | | Wall (1982)62 | III |
| | | | Coultas (1988)63 | III |
| | | | Crapo (1988)64 | III |
| | | | Marcus (1988)65 | III |
| | | | Coultas (1994)66 | IV* |
| | | NL | Quanjer (1983)74 | IV* |
| | | | Quanjer (1993)75 | IV* |
Patient education | Empirical | Failure of attending education programs is associated with minority ethnic group | UK | Fitzgerald (1994)73 | IV |
| Recommendation | Asthma education in native language and sensitive to patient’s culture | USA | Manson (1988)67 | III |
| | | | Pachter (1993)68 | III |
| | | | Pachter (1995)69 | III |
| | | | Risser (1995)70 | III |
| | | | Kleinman (1978)71 | IV |
| | | | Woloshin (1995)72 | IV |
Medical record | Recommendation | Sociocultural beliefs should be an item in medical history | USA | No reference | – |