Table 1

 Listing of types of simulator by earliest identified date of reference

SimulatorDate of first publication
AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; ERCP, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.
Fibre-endoscopy781987
ERCP791988
Colonoscopy801990
Endoscopic trainer811993
Laparoscopic surgical simulator821994
Hysteroscopy831994
Hollow organ closure841994
Total hip replacement851995
Ophthalmic simulator of laser photocoagulation861995
Ophthalmic surgery simulator871995
Intravenous catheter insertion881996
Otolaryngology891996
Laparoscopic surgery901997
AAA endovascular repair911998
Virtual simulator for inferior vena cava filter placement921998
Sigmoidoscopy931998
Shoulder arthroscopy941999
Surgical suturing951999
Breast biopsy simulation961999
Transurethral prostatic resection971999
PC based interventional cardiology simulator982000
Bronchoscopy992001
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy1002003