Means of detection | Number (n = 38) | % |
---|---|---|
*End tidal carbon dioxide concentration. | ||
†In two reports an alteration in the spontaneous breathing pattern of the patient was the first sign. | ||
‡Three changes in heart rate, one ST segment change. | ||
Fall in ETCO2* | 13 | 34 |
Desaturation | 10 | 26 |
Human detection† | 7 | 18 |
Arterial catheter | 4 | 11 |
Electrocardiogram‡ | 4 | 11 |