Feature | Number (n = 38)* | % |
---|---|---|
*Many reports specified several additional features. | ||
†End tidal carbon dioxide concentration. | ||
‡Electrocardiogram change (two ST segment elevations, one widened QRS complex, one nodal rhythm, one premature ventricular contraction, one bigeminal rhythm). | ||
§Bradycardia in four cases and tachycardia in two. | ||
¶Rising central venous pressure; poor cardiac output with internal cardiac compression; increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient; confusion (fat embolus). | ||
Fall in ETCO2† | 13 | 34 |
Desaturation | 13 | 34 |
Hypotension | 10 | 26 |
ECG change‡ | 6 | 16 |
Heart rate change§ | 6 | 16 |
Air seen or aspirated | 5 | 13 |
Weak or absent pulse | 3 | 8 |
Tachycardia | 2 | 5 |
Heart murmur | 2 | 5 |
Mottled tissues | 2 | 5 |
Other¶ | 4 | 11 |