| Four elements of the “barriers to guideline adherence framework” by Cabana et al16 | Ambiguity types from the systems ambiguity concept presented in table 2 |
| Lack of agreement with a particular guideline—applicability to a particular patient | Exception ambiguity |
| Lack of agreement with guidelines in general—guidelines are not practical | Expectation ambiguity |
| Patient preferences—inability to reconcile patient preferences with guideline recommendations | Exception ambiguity |
| Guideline characteristics—not easy to use, not convenient, cumbersome, confusing | Task ambiguity |
| Method ambiguity |