Table 7 Quality improvement (QI) strategies as applied in European hospitals: audit, internal assessment of clinical standards; total and per country*, numbers are valid percentages (total item response in absolute numbers)
Specification of QI strategyTotalIrelandBelgiumFranceSpainPolandCzech Republic
Internal auditing of hospital departments† (n = 347)3472224651057538
    135.722.716.716.921.953.376.3
    211.013.612.518.511.44.05.3
    340.163.654.256.952.416.013.2
    410.1012.57.714.314.72.6
Peer review/visitatie of hospital departments† (n = 341)3412324621047636
    117.326.120.88.17.721.138.9
    28.513.016.73.28.76.68.3
    329.943.533.345.227.914.522.2
    437.513.020.841.951.042.125.0
Medical staff performance review† (n = 345)3452324651037538
    136.717.441.738.523.352.042.1
    214.58.720.812.311.716.021.1
    323.752.225.015.432.010.723.7
    421.121.78.326.230.114.713.2
Periodical internal audits of laboratories:
    Clinical chemistry laboratoryy = 60.3 (300)y = 68.2 (22)y = 77.3 (22)y = 20.0 (33)y = 46.2 (93)y = 78.8 (66)y = 81.1 (37)
    Pathology laboratoryy = 37.4 (254)y = 72.7 (22)y = 28.6 (21)y = 3.7 (27)y = 34.1 (88)y = 30.6 (49)y = 44.1 (34)
    Microbiology laboratoryy = 54.3 (278)y = 81.0 (21)y = 81.8 (22)y = 17.1 (41)y = 42.4 (92)y = 74.1 (58)y = 51.6 (31)
    Pharmacy laboratoryy = 47.5 (297)y = 54.5 (22)y = 18.2 (22)y = 21.8 (55)y = 45.1 (91)y = 73.8 (61)y = 50.0 (32)
    Diagnostic radiology laboratoryy = 48.5 (291)y = 60.0 (20)y = 25.0 (20)y = 12.2 (49)y = 41.1 (90)y = 72.6 (62)y = 66.7 (36)
Results of internal audits are formally reported to:
    Hospital’s governing boardy = 65.0 (343)y = 91.3 (23)y = 62.5 (24)y = 44.4 (63)y = 79.6 (103)y = 34.2 (73)y = 89.7 (39)
    Medical staffy = 67.4 (304)y = 73.7 (19)y = 40.0 (20)y = 72.9 (59)y = 65.1 (83)y = 59.2 (71)y = 91.4 (35)
  • *The results for the UK and the Netherlands are included in the total but not listed separately, due to the very low response rates. †The sum of percentages may not always equal 100%; the percentage answers “don’t know/no answer” are not listed here. 1 =  yes, systematically in most departments (>50%); 2 =  yes, in most departments (>50%), but not systematically; 3 =  yes, in some departments (<50%); 4 =  no.

  • y, yes.