Supportive educational interventions | Individual psychoeducational8 (n=428) | Standard care (n=360) | | Relapse ↓ (RR=0.8; CI 0.7 to 0.92) |
| | | | Attrition ― (RR=1.13; CI 0.89 to 1.44) |
| Family intervention9 (n=387) | Standard care (n=358) | Relapse ― (RR=0.6; CI 0.3 to 1.2) | Relapse ↓ (RR=0.7; CI 0.5 to 0.99) |
| | | | Attrition ― (RR=0.99; CI 0.72 to 1.4) |
| | | | Drug compliance ― (RR=0.8; CI 0.6 to 1.0) |
| | | | Unemployed ― (RR=1.1; CI 0.9 to 1.3) |
| | | | Living independently ― |
| | | | Family burden ↓ (MD=−0.4; CI −0.7 to −0.1) |
Skills training | Life skills11 (n=20) | Standard care (n=18) | Attrition ― (RR=2.0; CI 0.2 to 20) | |
| Social skills12 (n=88) | Standard care (n=79) | | Relapse ― (RR=0.88; CI 0.6 to 1.3) |
| | | | Poor compliance with therapy ― (RR=1.1; CI 0.6 to 2) |
| (n=43) | Supportive group psychotherapy (n=37) | | Relapse ― (RR=0.94; CI 0.6 to 1.4) |
| | | | Poor compliance with therapy ― (RR=1.2; CI 0.6 to 2.4) |
Problem/symptom focused therapies | CBT15 (n=148) | Standard care (n=140) | Admitted ― (RR=0.36; CI 0.1 to 1.04) | Admitted ↓ (RR=0.66; CI 0.5 to 0.9) |
| | | Mental state unimproved ↓ (RR=0.24; CI 0.1 to 0.5) | Mental state unimproved ↓ (RR=0.81; CI 0.7 to 0.99) |
| | | Attrition ― (RR=0.79; CI 0.4 to 1.5) | Attrition ― (RR=0.80; CI 0.5 to 1.2) |
| | Supportive counselling (n=26) | | Relapse ― (RR=0.63; CI 0.2 to 2.1) |
| (n=33) | | | Mental state unimproved ― (RR=0.79; CI 0.6 to 1.05) |
| | | | Attrition ― (RR=3.1; CI 0.4 to 26.5) |
| Cognitive rehabilitation19 (n=42) | Standard care (n=42) | Mental state: average BPRS end score ― (MD −0.9; CI −2.9 to 1.1) | |
| | | Attrition ― (RR=1.0; CI 0.22 to 4.6) | |
| (n=17) | Occupational therapy (n=16) | Mental state: average BPRS end score ― (MD −2.5; CI −11 to 5.6) | |
| | | Attrition ― (RR=2.8; CI 0.33 to 24) | |
| Psychodynamic/analytic therapy21 (n=46) | Medication (n=48) | | Remaining in hospital ↑ (RR=8.0; CI 2 to 34) |
| | Reality-adaptive psychotherapy | Attrition ↓ (RR=0.46; CI 0.3 to 0.6) | Admitted ― (RR=1.2; CI 0.9 to 1.6) Attrition ↓ (RR=0.45; CI 0.3 to 0.7) |
| (n=88) | (n=76) | | |
| Token economy22 (n=54) | Standard care (n=56) | Mental state (negative symptoms) ↓ (MD=−13; CI −21 to −3) | Attrition ― (RR=1.2; CI 0.4 to 3.3) |
| | | Attrition ― (RR=1.2; CI 0.4 to 3.6) | |