Table 2

Summary of results from systematic reviews of specific packages of care

Aim of intervention	Experimental group	Control group	Outcomes (medium term >6–24 months)
RR = relative risk (experimental event rate/control event rate); CI = 95% confidence intervals (an estimate of the precision of RR); ↓ = decreased; ↑ = increased; ― = no clear difference; WMD = weighted mean difference; ACT = assertive community treatment; CMHTs = community mental health terms.
To divert patients about to be admitted to hospital	ACT²⁵ (n=831)	Standard care (n=766)	Lost to follow up ↓ (RR=0.6; CI 0.5 to 0.7)
			Admitted ↓ (RR=0.71; CI 0.5 to 0.97)
			Unemployed ― (RR=0.9; CI 0.74 to 1.2)
			Living independently ―
			Homeless ― (RR=0.3; CI 0.04 to 1.8)
			Mental state: average BPRS end score ― (MD −0.9; CI −7.7 to 6)
			Quality of life: average end score ↑ (MD −0.5; CI −0.9 to −0.1)
	(n=101)	Case management (n=102)	Trouble with the police ↓ (RR=1.71; CI 1.1 to 2.8)
	(n=105)	Hospital based rehabilitation (n=611)	Lost to follow up ― (RR=0.9; CI 0.5 to 1.4)
			Admitted ↓ (RR=0.5; CI 0.3 to 0.8)
			Living independently ―
			Unemployed ↓ (RR=0.6; CI 0.4 to 0.8)
	CMHTs²⁹	Standard care	Admitted ― (RR=0.7; CI 0.5 to 1.1)
	(n=412)	(n=442)	Lost to follow up ↓ (RR=0.8 CI 0.7 to 0.9)
			Not satisfied with care ↓ (RR=0.6; CI 0.5 to 0.8)
To reduce admission for patients at high risk of future admission	ACT²⁵ (see above) Case management⁴¹ (n=599)	Standard care (n=611)	Lost to follow up ↓ (RR=0.7; CI 0.5 to 0.98)
			Admitted ↑ (RR=1.6; CI 1.2 to 2.1)
			Mental state: average BPRS end score ― (WMD 0.5; CI −3.6 to 4)
			Quality of life: average end score ― (WMD 0.1; CI −0.2 to 0.4)
To limit length of hospital admission	Planned short stay ∼28 days⁴² (n=225)	Planned standard stay (n=227)	Admitted ― (RR=1.1; CI 0.7 to 1.7)
			Unable to be discharged as originally planned ↓ (RR=0.6; CI 0.3 to 0.9)
			Poor social functioning ↓ (RR=0.6; CI 0.5 to 0.7)