Poisson regression model: summary of the rate ratios for covariates associated with in-hospital falls and fractures for Victorian public hospital episodes between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 2008, adjusted for variables of interest
| Factor | Falls Rate ratio (99% CI) | FRFx Model 1 (denominator—all episodes) | FRFx Model 2 (denominator—in-hospital fall episodes) |
| Age (years) | |||
| <18–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 40–49 | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.4) | 2.6 (1.4 to 4.7) | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.9) |
| 50–59 | 2.5 (2.1 to 3.0) | 4.8 (2.9 to 8.1) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.8) |
| 60–69 | 3.5 (3.0 to 4.1) | 7.1 (4.4 to 11.5) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.2) |
| 70–79 | 5.5 (4.7 to 6.4) | 13.0 (8.2 to 20.6) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.2) |
| 80–89 | 7.6 (6.5 to 8.8) | 19.5 (12.3 to 30.8) | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.7) |
| 90+ | 9.4 (8.0 to 11.1) | 22.5 (14.0 to 36.2) | 2.1 (1.0 to 4.7) |
| Male | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.2) | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) |
| Australian-born | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.0 (08 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| English-speaking country of birth | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Married | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) |
| Rural residence | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) |
| Socio-economic disadvantage | |||
| Education and occupation | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.1) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) |
| Economic resources | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.1) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) |
| Emergency admission | 1.3 (1.2 to 1.4) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| Care type in hospital | |||
| Acute and newborn | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Palliative | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3) | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) |
| Geriatric | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3) | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.2) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) |
| Mental and ETOH | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) | 1.6(1.3 to 2.1) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) |
| Rehabilitation | 1.0 (0.9 1.1) | 1.6(1.3 to 2.0) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Interim | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.4) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.8) |
| Nursing home | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) |
| Admission source | |||
| Home | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Transfer | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) |
| Other | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) |
| Teaching hospital | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) |
| Previous fall history | 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) |
| Presenting fall for this hospital episode | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Cancer | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) |
| Metastatic cancer | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) |
| Chronic heart failure | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Connective tissue disease | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.1) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) |
| Dementia | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.8) | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.0) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) |
| Diabetes | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) |
| Severe diabetes | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) |
| HIV | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.5) | 4.2 (1.4 to 12.6) | 0.8 (0.1 to 4.5) |
| Liver disease | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4) | 2.1 (1.1 to 4.2) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.6) |
| Severe liver disease | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.6) | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.8) |
| Myocardial infarction | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) | 1.2 (0.8 to 2.0) |
| Paraplegia | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.5) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.6) |
| Renal disease | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Ataxia | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.0) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.3) | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.9) |
| Delirium | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0) | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Hearing deficit | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) |
| Osteoporosis | 1.3 (1.1 to 1,5) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.4) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) |
| Parkinson's disease | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) | 1.5 (1.2 to 2.0) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) |
| Visual deficit | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.6) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) |
EOH, alcohol related conditions; FRFx, fall-related fracture.