Initial assessment and injury severity score according to pre-hospital management (exclusion of 74 patients with cardiac arrest in the pre-hospital phase)
| All patients | Pre-hospital management | p Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=2629) | Basic life support by fire brigade (n=190) | Advanced life support by EP (n=2439) | |||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | ||
| GCS* | |||||||
| <8 | 775 | (30.3) | 26 | (17.3) | 749 | (31.2) | <0.002 |
| 8–13 | 566 | (22.2) | 35 | (23.3) | 531 | (22.1) | |
| ≥14 | 1213 | (47.5) | 89 | (59.3) | 1124 | (46.8) | |
| SpO2*(%) | |||||||
| <90 | 309 | (12.3) | 10 | (6.2) | 299 | (12.7) | 0.052 |
| 90–95.9 | 480 | (19.1) | 33 | (20.5) | 447 | (19.0) | |
| ≥96 | 1723 | (68.6) | 118 | (73.3) | 1605 | (68.3) | |
| Respiratory rate (min−1)* | |||||||
| <10 | 32 | (1.2) | 0 | (0.0) | 32 | (1.3) | 0.18 |
| 10–29 | 2421 | (93.1) | 181 | (95.8) | 2246 | (92.9) | |
| ≥30 | 148 | (5.7) | 8 | (4.2) | 140 | (5.8) | |
| Systolic blood pressure* (mmHg) | |||||||
| <90 | 263 | (10.3) | 15 | (8.9) | 248 | (10.4) | 0.38 |
| 90–109 | 447 | (17.5) | 24 | (14.3) | 423 | (17.8) | |
| ≥110 | 1839 | (72.1) | 129 | (76.8) | 1710 | (71.8) | |
| Injury severity score | |||||||
| <25 | 1068 | (40.6) | 106 | (55.8) | 962 | (39.4) | <0.001 |
| 25–34 | 992 | (37.7) | 70 | (36.8) | 922 | (37.8) | |
| ≥35 | 569 | (21.6) | 14 | (7.4) | 555 | (22.8) | |
ICU, intensive care unit; GCS, Glasgow coma scale.
↵* Data were missing in some patients for GCS scale (n=75), abnormal pupils (n=109), SpO2 (n=117) systolic blood pressure (n=80), mean blood pressure (n=82) and respiratory rate (n=28).