Table 2

Interrupted Time Series Analysis Results Dependent Variable: % of patients with long bone fracture who received an IV opioid within 45 minutes

Time Series VariableRegression Coefficient95% Confidence Interval
Time*0.5−1.5, 2.5
IVO Process†28.115.3, 40.9
Time after IVO Process Implementation‡1.1−1.1, 3.4
IVO Physician Staffing Change†−11.8−20.9, −2.8
Time after IVO Process Physician Staffing Change‡−1.8−2.7, −0.8
PEM Faculty Staffing Change†12.23.9, 20.5
Time after PEM Faculty Staffing Change‡−0.1−0.6, 0.5
  • *Month numbered sequentially.

  • Indicator variable denoting when the intervention was implemented.

  • Month denoted as 0 pre-intervention and numbered sequentially post-intervention.