Descriptive characteristics of quality improvement interventions (QIIs)
| Characteristic | QIIs (n=106) |
| n (%) | |
| Setting | |
| Hospital | 59 (56) |
| Outpatient | 35 (33) |
| Long-term care | 9 (9) |
| Other | 3 (3) |
| Don't know | 0 (0) |
| Evaluation target | |
| Change package | 101 (95) |
| Change method | 2 (2) |
| Both | 1 (1) |
| Other | 0 (0) |
| Don't know | 2 (2) |
| Evaluation design | |
| No comparison group/don't know | 82 (77) |
| Randomly assigned comparison group | 12 (11) |
| Non-randomly assigned comparison group | 12 (11) |
| Researcher involvement in authorship | |
| Professor | 11 (10) |
| PhD | 26 (25) |
| Master's trained | 26 (25) |
| Other | 0 (0) |
| No/don't know | 43 (41) |
| Results | |
| Reported as showing improvement | 88 (83) |
| Reported as equivocal | 11 (10) |
| Reported as NOT showing improvement | 6 (6) |
| No/don't know | 1 (1) |
| Journal type | |
| Quality improvement/health services research | 38 (36) |
| Clinical | 68 (64) |
| General | 10 (9) |
| Nursing | 17 (16) |
| Other specialty | 41 (39) |