Description of outcomes evaluated (adapted from the prior meta-analysis22)
| Measures of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) development | Number of CAUTI episodes per 1000 catheter-days was recorded and a rate ratio was calculated to compare preintervention vs postintervention. When rates of both asymptomatic and symptomatic CAUTI were reported separately,57 the rates of symptomatic CAUTI were used for the meta-analysis.22 |
| Cumulative risk of CAUTI during hospitalisation (ie, the percentage of patients who developed CAUTI) was also extracted for each study, and a risk ratio was calculated to compare risks before and after the intervention for the meta-analysis.22 | |
| Measures of urinary catheter use | Mean number of days of urinary catheter use per patient was recorded before and after the intervention, and a standardised mean difference was calculated to compare the two groups for the meta-analysis.22 |
| Percentage of patient days in which the catheter was in place (reported by the study directly, or calculated from ratio of catheter days/patient days if provided in the study), for the comparison group (before intervention or control group) and postintervention | |
| Percentage of patients studied who had a urinary catheter placed during the study period, for the comparison group (before intervention or control group) and postintervention | |
| Need for catheter replacement | Recatheterisation need was extracted as the number and percent of patients who required replacement of a catheter after prior removal of an indwelling catheter. |