Exception reporting, by reason,* as a predictor of survival in the subsequent year; proportional-hazards survival analyses on ONS linked data from 357 practices
| HR (95% CI)† | |
|---|---|
| Exception reported‡ | |
| Clinical contraindication | 1.37 (1.33 to 1.40) |
| Informed dissent | 1.20 (1.17 to 1.24) |
| Unknown reason | 1.39 (1.22 to 1.58) |
| Age§ | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.09) |
| Gender | |
| Female | Reference |
| Male | 1.28 (1.25 to 1.31) |
| Smoking status | |
| Never smoked | Reference |
| Ex-smoker | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.995) |
| Current smoker | 1.61 (1.55 to 1.66) |
| Missing§ | 8.71 (1.23 to 61.63) |
| Patient deprivation quintile | |
| 1 (least deprived) | Reference |
| 2 | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.10) |
| 3 | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.16) |
| 4 | 1.20 (1.17 to 1.25) |
| 5 | 1.32 (1.27 to 1.37) |
| Practice list size (1000 s) | 1.000 (0.999 to 1.002) |
| Practice deprivation quintile | |
| 1 (least deprived) | Reference |
| 2 | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.02) |
| 3 | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.01) |
| 4 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.02) |
| 5 | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) |
| Conditions | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.32 (1.29 to 1.36) |
| Asthma | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) |
| Hypertension | 0.90 (0.88 to 0.92) |
| Cancer§ | 1.60 (1.11 to 2.31) |
| Coronary heart disease | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.997) |
| Heart failure | 1.68 (1.62 to 1.73) |
| Chronic kidney disease§ | 1.60 (1.13 to 2.27) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.72 (1.67 to 1.77) |
| Dementia§ | 3.07 (1.85 to 5.11) |
| Depression | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.08) |
| Diabetes mellitus§ | 1.39 (0.94 to 2.06) |
| Epilepsy | 1.68 (1.58 to 1.80) |
| Learning disability§ | 8.85 (0.33 to 234.09) |
| Severe mental illness | 1.43 (1.35 to 1.51) |
| Stroke | 1.32 (1.29 to 1.36) |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.02) |
| Time-varying (× log(_t)) | |
| Age | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.01) |
| Smoking status: missing | 0.34 (0.13 to 0.88) |
| Cancer | 1.21 (1.01 to 1.43) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.03) |
| Dementia | 0.89 (0.70 to 1.14) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) |
| Learning disability | 0.53 (0.11 to 2.67) |
Based on ONS deaths. Number of observations / time at risk=4416374, Number of subjects=1194389 (excluding data for 2011/12 since survival information for the following year was not available), Number of failures=68756, Log pseudolikelihood=−869469, Wald Chi2=120783.
*Clinical contraindication, informed dissent or reason unknown. Logistical exceptions were not included in analyses.
†Based on ONS deaths. No of observations/time at risk=4 416 374, No of subjects=1 194 389, No of failures=68 756, Log pseudolikelihood=−869 469, Wald χ2=120 783.
‡At least one code within each category.
§Interpretation of the HRs for these covariates is not straightforward because of the inclusion of the time-varying components.
ONS, Office of National Statistics.