CLABSI HSOPS dimension score summary for analytic sample, mean (SD) (range)
| ICUs (n=304) | non-ICUs (n=58) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSOPS dimension | Baseline | Follow-up | Change Score | Baseline | Follow-up | Change Score |
| Supervisor expectations and actions promoting safety | 75 (12) (33, 100) | 78 (14) (24, 100) | 3 (16) (−56, 53) | 74 (15) (33, 100) | 79 (13) (43, 100) | 5 (17) (−38, 50) |
| Organisational learning—continuous improvement | 74 (12) (36, 100) | 74 (14) (25, 100) | 0.4 (14) (−43, 51) | 72 (15) (23, 100) | 75 (15) (38, 100) | 3 (18) (−40, 50) |
| Teamwork within hospital units | 85 (9) (38, 100) | 82 (12) (41, 100) | −3 (12) (−56, 34) | 76 (15) (25, 100) | 73 (18) (0, 100) | −3 (18) (−63, 43) |
| Communication openness | 63 (12) (30, 100) | 63 (16) (8, 100) | 0.8 (16) (−50, 54) | 55 (15) (24, 84) | 61 (15) (29, 100) | 5 (18) (−50, 39) |
| Feedback and communication about error | 60 (14) (20, 100) | 61 (17) (11, 100) | 1 (16) (−59, 71) | 61 (16) (20, 100) | 58 (15) (7, 85) | −3 (17) (−58, 30) |
| Non-punitive response to error | 39 (15) (3, 100) | 47 (20) (0, 100) | 8 (19) (−44, 72) | 39 (16) (7, 100) | 55 (20) (13, 100) | 16 (27) (−53, 69) |
| Staffing | 58 (14) (18, 100) | 59 (15) (13, 100) | 1 (15) (−42, 59) | 52 (15) (26, 100) | 55 (18) (15, 100) | 3 (22) (−53, 60) |
| Management support for patient safety | 62 (16) (11, 100) | 61 (18) (0, 100) | −1 (18) (−77, 59) | 65 (15) (29, 100) | 66 (17) (0, 100) | 0.2 (20) (−52, 29) |
| Teamwork across hospital units | 56 (14) (20, 100) | 57 (16) (0, 100) | 0.8 (14) (−47, 52) | 55 (13) (23, 85) | 52 (19) (0, 83) | −3 (20) (−52, 29) |
| Hospital handoffs and transitions | 48 (13) (0, 100) | 50 (16) (0, 100) | 1 (16) (−42, 75) | 43 (13) (17, 75) | 43 (16) (0, 79) | −0.2 (16) (−28, 38) |
| Frequency of event reporting | 57 (14) (0, 100) | 56 (17) (0, 100) | −0.4 (17) (−75, 56) | 60 (14) (29, 90) | 51 (20) (0, 100) | −10 (23) (−74, 63) |
| Overall perceptions of safety | 60 (14) (22, 92) | 56 (19) (0, 100) | −4 (18) (−71, 55) | 55 (15) (20, 100) | 43 (20) (0, 83) | −12 (20) (−77, 24) |
| Patient safety grade | 69 (22) (0, 100) | 69 (20) (0, 100) | 0.2 (20) (−62, 66) | 63 (22) (0, 100) | 64 (22) (0, 100) | 2 (25) (−54, 66) |
Baseline and follow-up scores represent the per cent of positive responses for all items in the domain at the baseline and follow-up time points. HSOPS change scores are computed as the change in per cent positive responses for all items within each dimension from baseline to the follow-up survey period (approximately 11 months later). Values greater than zero represent an increase in per cent positive responses, while values less than zero represent a decrease in per cent positive responses.
CLABSI, central-line-associated bloodstream infection; HSOPS, Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture; ICU, intensive care unit.