Control group (n=11) (mean (SD)) | Intervention group (n=14) (Mean (SD)) | Absolute difference | p Value | CI | Cohen’s d | |
BASELINE ASSESSMENT | ||||||
Primary outcome | ||||||
Technical skills checklist score* | 9.17 (2.94) | 11.60 (4.43) | 2.43 | 0.13 | −0.78 to 5.60 | 0.63 |
Secondary outcomes | ||||||
BARS scores† | ||||||
Preparation BARS | 2.12 (1.05) | 2.64 (1.45) | 0.52 | 0.33 | −0.55 to 1.60 | 0.40 |
Failed capture and troubleshooting BARS | 1.67 (0.43) | 2.39 (1.13) | 0.73 | 0.04 | 0.03 to 1.42 | 0.80 |
Achieving capture BARS | 2.18 (0.51) | 2.68 (0.91) | 0.50 | 0.10 | −0.10 to 1.11 | 0.66 |
Postprocedure BARS | 2.15 (0.94) | 2.39 (0.94) | 0.24 | 0.53 | −0.55 to 1.03 | 0.26 |
Overall performance BARS | 1.73 (0.56) | 2.18 (0.95) | 0.45 | 0.18 | −0.22 to 1.12 | 0.56 |
Number of critical omissions | 3.59 (1.49) | 3.04 (1.78) | −0.56 | 0.41 | −1.94 to 0.83 | −0.33 |
Time to completion, min | 11.85 (3.42) | 9.62 (1.85) | −2.23 | 0.07 | −4.68 to 0.20 | −0.84 |
FINAL ASSESSMENT | ||||||
Primary outcome | ||||||
Technical skills checklist score* | 11.99 (3.36) | 23.44 (1.44) | 11.45 | p<0.001 | 9.10 to 13.79 | 4.64 |
Secondary outcomes | ||||||
BARS scores† | ||||||
Preparation BARS | 3.14 (1.00) | 4.57 (0.43) | 1.44 | p=0.001 | 0.74 to 2.13 | 1.95 |
Failed capture and troubleshooting BARS | 2.41 (0.92) | 4.11 (1.08) | 1.70 | p<0.001 | 0.86 to 2.54 | 1.68 |
Achieving capture BARS | 2.45 (0.69) | 4.68 (0.80) | 2.22 | p<0.001 | 1.60 to 2.85 | 2.96 |
Postprocedure BARS | 2.36 (0.78) | 4.89 (0.21) | 2.53 | p<0.001 | 2.00 to 3.06 | 4.70 |
Overall performance BARS | 2.27 (0.75) | 4.54 (0.46) | 2.26 | p<0.001 | 1.76 to 2.77 | 3.76 |
Number of critical omissions | 2.23 (1.13) | 0.68 (0.50) | −1.55 | p=0.001 | −2.33 to −0.76 | −1.86 |
Time to completion, min | 11.15 (2.70) | 12.80 (2.38) | 1.65 | p=0.12 | −0.45 to 3.75 | 0.65 |