Multivariate logistic regression of low-value services in Alberta between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2015
| PSA testing for men 75 or older with no history of prostate cancer | Cervical cancer screening for women over 65 with no history of cervical dysplasia or genital cancer | Bone mineral density testing within 2 years of prior scan | Carotid artery imaging but without history of stroke or TIA | |
| aOR 95% CI | aOR 95% CI | aOR 95% CI | aOR 95% CI | |
| Age | 0.95 0.95 to 0.96 | 0.86 0.86 to 0.86 | 1.02 1.02 to 1.02 | 1.01 1.01 to 1.01 |
| Male sex | No referent | Not applicable | 0.40 0.38 to 0.42 | 1.06 0.97 to 1.14 |
| Charlson score | 0.88 0.87 to 0.88 | 0.86 0.85 to 0.87 | 1.02 1.01 to 1.03 | 1.07 1.04 to 1.10 |
| Median neighbourhood income (highest quartile vs lowest quartile) | 1.18 1.13 to 1.23 | 1.46 1.42 to 1.51 | 1.14 1.10 to 1.19 | 1.30 1.15 to 1.47 |
| Total number of primary care physician contacts in prior 1 year | 0.99 0.99 to 0.99 | 0.995 0.994 to 0.997 | 1.008 1.007 to 1.010 | 1.006 1.003 to 1.010 |
| Total number of specialist contacts in prior year | 1.003 1.002 to 1.004 | 1.004 1.003 to 1.005 | 1.006 1.005 to 1.007 | 1.005 1.003 to 1.008 |
| Specialist/Primary care ratio in patient’s region of residence | 7.79 5.127 to 11.29 | 2.51 1.87 to 3.36 | 3.95 2.87 to 5.44 | 1.22 0.71 to 1.79 |
aOR, adjusted OR; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.