Abstract
Background
Seniors frequently struggle during the transition home following an acute hospitalization resulting in frequent rehospitalizations. Studies consistently show a lack of comprehension of discharge instructions.
Objectives
To determine the frequency of low cognition at hospital discharge among community dwelling seniors and the changes in cognition that occur one month following hospitalization.
Design
Face-to-face surveys were performed at hospital discharge and one month later in the home of the subject. The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Backward Digit Span, and 15 Word Immediate and Delayed Recall Tests were used to evaluate cognition. Low cognition was determined to be a score of less than 25 on the MMSE for subjects with high school education and less than 18 for subjects with less than high school education.
Participants
Two hundred community-dwelling seniors ≥ 70 years, admitted to acute medicine services >24 hours, consenting to their own procedures, not having previously documented cognitive loss, and not admitted for cognitive changes.
Results
Upon hospital discharge, 31.5% of subjects had previously unrecognized low cognition. One month later, 58% of these patients no longer had low cognition (p < 0.001). Of those subjects with low cognition, the MMSE improved by an average of 4 points one month post-discharge. Within the MMSE, subjects experienced significant improvements in the areas of orientation, registration, repetition, comprehension, naming, reading, writing, and calculation.
Conclusion
Low cognition at discharge is common among elderly patients without dementia, and cognition often improves one month post-hospitalization. Seniors may not comprehend discharge instructions, and patient self-management may be better taught as an outpatient following discharge rather than at the time of hospital discharge. Discharge interventions should incorporate screening of seniors for low cognition prior to hospital discharge to provide optimal transitional care.
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Acknowledgements
Dr. Lindquist and this study were funded by a grant from the National Institute of Aging (K23AG028439-04). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Preliminary data for this paper were presented as an abstract at the Society of General Internal Medicine 2010 National Meeting.
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Lindquist, L.A., Go, L., Fleisher, J. et al. Improvements in Cognition Following Hospital Discharge of Community Dwelling Seniors. J GEN INTERN MED 26, 765–770 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1681-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1681-1