Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Collective Review☆,☆☆,★
Section snippets
METHODS
Articles published between 1970 and February 1997 in US and foreign peer-reviewed journals were identified by MEDLINE searches for the keywords “cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR),” “cardiac arrest,” and “heart arrest” (Figure). Additional searches with the related keywords “endotracheal intubation,” “drowning,” “epinephrine,” “ventricular fibrillation,” and “asystole” were performed to identify more articles reporting on pediatric patients who received CPR. Titles and abstracts of articles
RESULTS
Forty-six studies with survival data on pediatric patients who received CPR were identified (Figure).Five studies were excluded because the data were reported in greater detail in another article by the same authors, leaving 41 articles.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 Data from 5 articles overlapped with data reported in 2 other
DISCUSSION
There are still large gaps in our knowledge of pediatric CPR. Guidelines for pediatric ALS were not developed by the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiac Care Committee until 1986,50 and they have since been revised once, in 1992.51 This review of the literature demonstrates a poor survival rate for pediatric cardiac arrest patients, a rate that has not improved in the last decade. Because pediatric arrest is an uncommon event, prospective data are difficult to gather, and most research
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Address for reprints:James S Seidel, MD, PhD, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of General and Emergency Pediatrics, 1000 West Carson Street, Box 21, Torrance, CA 90509;310-222-3506, fax 310-782-1763;E-mail [email protected] [email protected].
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