This column provides a framework for considering the extent of psychiatrists' responsibility for patients' medical conditions. Psychiatrists have the greatest responsibility for medical conditions that occur as a result of their own actions. Next on the continuum of responsibility is psychiatrists' obligation to remain alert for medical conditions that can cause, trigger, or exacerbate psychiatric conditions or interfere with treatment. Another potential responsibility is for preventive monitoring, screening, and education for medical conditions that disproportionately affect psychiatric patients. Characteristics of the setting, practitioner, and patient that affect how such responsibilities are fulfilled are also discussed.