%0 Journal Article %A Heather Colquhoun %A Susan Michie %A Anne Sales %A Noah Ivers %A J M Grimshaw %A Kelly Carroll %A Mathieu Chalifoux %A Kevin Eva %A Jamie Brehaut %T Reporting and design elements of audit and feedback interventions: a secondary review %D 2016 %R 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-005004 %J BMJ Quality & Safety %P bmjqs-2015-005004 %X Background Audit and feedback (A&F) is a frequently used intervention aiming to support implementation of research evidence into clinical practice with positive, yet variable, effects. Our understanding of effective A&F has been limited by poor reporting and intervention heterogeneity. Our objective was to describe the extent of these issues.Methods Using a secondary review of A&F interventions and a consensus-based process to identify modifiable A&F elements, we examined intervention descriptions in 140 trials of A&F to quantify reporting limitations and describe the interventions.Results We identified 17 modifiable A&F intervention elements; 14 were examined to quantify reporting limitations and all 17 were used to describe the interventions. Clear reporting of the elements ranged from 56% to 97% with a median of 89%. There was considerable variation in A&F interventions with 51% for individual providers only, 92% targeting behaviour change and 79% targeting processes of care, 64% performed by the provider group and 81% reporting aggregate patient data.Conclusions Our process identified 17 A&F design elements, demonstrated gaps in reporting and helped understand the degree of variation in A&F interventions. %U https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/qhc/early/2016/01/25/bmjqs-2015-005004.full.pdf