Table 1

Guidelines on diabetes mellitus type 2: comparison between countries on ethnic specific statements^27–⁴⁰

Category	Type of statement	Statement about ethnic differences	Country	Evidence	Strength
*Narrative reviews.
†There was no reference mentioned for this particular statement in the guideline, but because this statement is based on information about risk factors (high prevalences), it is probably based on the evidence about a higher prevalence in certain ethnic groups.
Epidemiology	Empirical	Higher prevalence	USA	Fujimoto (1987)²⁷	III
				Zimmet (1992)²⁸	IV*
				Harris (1995)²⁹	IV*
			CAN	Dean (1992)³⁰	III
				Delisle (1993)³¹	III
				Fox (1994)³²	III
				Harris (1997)³³	III
				Harris (1997)³⁴	III
				Dean (1998)³⁵	IV
				Tuomilehto (1992)³⁶	IV
			UK	No reference	–
			NL	Berghout (1995)³⁷	III
				Bongers (1995)³⁸	III
				Querido (1995)³⁹	III
				Reitsma (1995)⁴⁰	IV*
Diagnostics	Recommendation	Testing for diabetes at younger age or more frequently	USA	Harris (1995)²⁹†	IV*
			CAN	No reference	–
	Recommendation	Screening if patient is 45 years (or older) and member of ethnic group	NL	Berghout (1995)³⁷†	III
				Bongers (1995)³⁸†	III
				Querido (1995)³⁹†	III
				Reitsma (1995)⁴⁰†	IV*
	Recommendation	Aggressive screening for complications	CAN	No reference	–
	Recommendation	Community based screenings programs should be established	CAN	Delisle (1993)³¹†	III
				Harris (1997)³³†	III
	Recommendation	Primary prevention programs initiated by Aboriginal communities should be encouraged.	CAN	Delisle (1993)³¹†	III
				Harris (1997)³³†	III
	Recommendation	In identifying patients the higher prevalence should be remembered	UK	No reference	–
Patient education	Recommendation	Nutrition recommendations should consider cultural and ethnic background	USA	No reference	–
			CAN	No reference	–
Medical record	Recommendation	Medical history and management plan should consider important cultural factors	USA	No reference	–
Cultural sensitivity	Recommendation	Respect for unique cultural issues	CAN	No reference	–