Epidemiology | Empirical | Higher prevalence, more severe and higher risk for complications | USA | Klag (1997)41 | IIb |
| | | | Burt (1995)42 | III |
| | | | Fang (1996)43 | III |
| | | | Singh (1996)44 | III |
| | | | Havas (1996)45 | IV* |
| | | | Hall (1997)46 | IV* |
| | | UK | Balarajan (1991)56 | III |
| | | | McKeigue (1991)57 | III |
| | | | Cappuccio (1997)8 | III |
| | | | Williams (1995)58 | IV |
Treatment | Empirical | Difference in response to pharmacological treatment | USA | Townsend (1990)47 | Ib |
| | | | SOLVD (1991)48 | Ib |
| | | | Materson (1993)49 | Ib |
| | | | Chen (1993)50 | IIa |
| | | | Chen (1995)51 | IIa |
| | | UK | Materson (1993)49 | Ib |
| Empirical | Hypertension is sensitive to dietary salt restriction in black subjects | USA | Weinberger (1996)52 | IV* |
| | | UK | No reference | – |
| Empirical | Lifestyle modifications are particularly important | USA | No reference | – |
| Recommendation | Black subjects require multi-drug therapy because of more severe hypertension | USA | Burt (1995)42† | III |
| | | | Hall (1997)46† | IV* |
| Recommendation | Achieve goal blood pressure of below 140/90 mm Hg | USA | Burt (1995)42† | III |
| | | | Hall (1997)46† | IV* |
| Recommendation | Emphasis on glucose tolerance, lipids and increased coronary risk | UK | McKeigue (1991)57 | III |
| | | | Williams (1995)58 | IV |
| Recommendation | Good blood pressure control important in South Asians with diabetes | UK | No reference | – |
| Recommendation | Aspirin and/or statin treatment may be indicated for South Asians at high risk of CHD | UK | No reference | – |
| Recommendation | The start of drug therapy should be influenced by black race | CAN | No reference | – |
Patient education | Empirical | Requirement of more focused education | USA | Enas (1996)53 | III |
| | | | Howard (1996)54 | III |
| | | | Winkleby (1996)55 | III |
| | | | Havas (1996)45 | IV* |
| Recommendation | Advice to reduce fat and refined sugar intake and to increase exercise | UK | No reference | – |