Patient-related and system/environment-related factors for multiple adverse events in patients ≥65 years of age admitted to acute care in a tertiary hospital from the ED in an 8-month period
| Covariates | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| Patient related | ||
| Demographic | ||
| Age (years) | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.0) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) |
| Female gender | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | 0.5 (0.3 to 1.06) |
| Clinical condition | ||
| Acuity (level I or II) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.5) |
| Resuscitative procedure | 15.7 (4.6 to 53.2) | 5.9 (1.1 to 31.9)* |
| Use of ventilator | 6.7 (2.3 to 19.2) | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.05) |
| Pre-existing co-morbid condition | ||
| PVD | 18.1 (3.6 to 92.1) | 8.0 (0.8 to 76.2) |
| Hypertension | 5.4 (1.4 to 20.2) | 3.0 (0.5 to 19.1) |
| Metastatic cancer | 4.3 (1.4 to 13.2) | 6.5 (1.7 to 24.8)** |
| System/environment | ||
| Surgical procedure | 11.7 (6.0 to 22.6) | 10.4 (4.7 to 23.0)*** |
| Admit to ICU | 10.1 (5.7 to 18.1) | 6.4 (3.0 to 13.8)*** |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.05) | 1.02 (1.0004 to 1.03)* |
| ED LOS (h)† | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.03) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.09)** |
ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.
Results were obtained from logistic regression modelling using manual forward selection with n=982.
Significant at: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.0001.
↵† Total elapsed time from ED arrival to departure; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.88 (equivalent to c-index for model discrimination); likelihood ratio test=131.97 (p<0.00001).