Percentage of US and Japanese (JP) residents responding to questions about consistency of statements with their own personal beliefs*
| No | Level of consistency | Very inconsistent | Somewhat inconsistent | Neutral | Somewhat consistent | Very consistent | p value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *The statements were drawn from the Operating Team Resource Management Survey developed by Helmreich and Merritt and several words were modified to apply more generally.12 | ||||||||
| †Calculated by Wilcoxon rank sum test between the US and Japan. | ||||||||
| ‡Statistically significant difference at p<0.05 level. | ||||||||
| Q1 | The senior person should take over and make all decisions in life threatening emergencies | US | 5.7 | 32.9 | 11.4 | 35.7 | 14.3 | 0.86 |
| JP | 10.3 | 24.1 | 19 | 31 | 15.5 | |||
| Q2 | Senior staff should encourage questions from junior medical staff if appropriate | US | 1.4 | 2.9 | 0 | 7.1 | 88.6 | <0.01‡ |
| JP | 8.6 | 12.1 | 22.4 | 37.9 | 19 | |||
| Q3 | Doctors who encourage suggestions from other junior members are weak leaders | US | 86.8 | 10.3 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | <0.01‡ |
| JP | 58.6 | 19 | 17.2 | 5.2 | 0 | |||
| Q4 | A regular debriefing of procedures and decisions after difficult activities or shift is an important part of developing and maintaining effective team coordination | US | 4.3 | 0 | 4.3 | 20 | 71.4 | 0.32 |
| JP | 0 | 0 | 6.9 | 12.1 | 81 | |||
| Q5 | Team members in charge should verbalize plans for procedures or actions and should be sure that the information is understood and acknowledged by the others | US | 1.4 | 0 | 2.9 | 18.6 | 77.1 | <0.01‡ |
| JP | 1.8 | 5.3 | 14 | 31.6 | 47.4 | |||
| Q6 | Junior team members should not question the decisions made by senior personnel | US | 53.6 | 31.9 | 7.2 | 5.8 | 1.4 | <0.01‡ |
| JP | 78.9 | 14 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Q7 | I try to be a person that others will enjoy working with | US | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 18.8 | 78.3 | <0.01‡ |
| JP | 0 | 3.4 | 13.8 | 48.3 | 34.5 | |||
| Q8 | It is better to agree with other team members than to voice a different opinion | US | 23.2 | 56.5 | 13 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 0.06 |
| JP | 24.1 | 25.9 | 39.7 | 10.3 | 0 | |||
| Q9 | The pre-session team briefing is important for safety and for effective team management | US | 2.9 | 2.9 | 19.1 | 33.8 | 41.2 | <0.01‡ |
| JP | 0 | 0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 86.2 | |||
| Q10 | I am more likely to make errors or mistakes in tense or hostile situations | US | 1.5 | 5.9 | 19.1 | 51.5 | 22.1 | 0.36 |
| JP | 3.4 | 8.6 | 24.1 | 43.1 | 20.7 | |||
| Q11 | The doctor’s responsibilities include coordination between his or her work team and other support areas | US | 4.4 | 0 | 4.4 | 36.8 | 54.4 | 0.86 |
| JP | 0 | 3.4 | 12.1 | 27.6 | 56.9 | |||
| Q12 | As long as the work gets done, I don’t care what others think of me | US | 47.8 | 23.2 | 14.5 | 11.6 | 2.9 | 0.06 |
| JP | 62.1 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 1.7 | 1.7 | |||
| Q13 | A good reputation in the department or floor is important to me | US | 1.4 | 2.9 | 10.1 | 53.6 | 31.9 | 0.99 |
| JP | 1.7 | 1.7 | 17.2 | 44.8 | 34.5 | |||
| Q14 | Errors are a sign of incompetence | US | 14.5 | 44.9 | 20.3 | 18.8 | 1.4 | 0.39 |
| JP | 26.3 | 33.3 | 29.8 | 8.8 | 1.8 | |||
| Q15 | If I perceive a problem with the management of a patient I will speak up regardless of who might be affected | US | 1.5 | 7.4 | 13.2 | 52.9 | 25 | 0.05 |
| JP | 1.8 | 3.5 | 35.1 | 43.9 | 15.8 | |||
| Q16 | I am ashamed when I make a mistake in front of other team members | US | 4.4 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 50 | 10.3 | 0.27 |
| JP | 10.5 | 3.5 | 17.5 | 50.9 | 17.5 | |||
| Q17 | Team members should not question the decisions or actions of senior staff except when they threaten the safety of the operation | US | 20.9 | 49.3 | 14.9 | 10.4 | 4.5 | 0.81 |
| JP | 28.1 | 26.3 | 31.6 | 12.3 | 1.8 | |||
| Q18 | To resolve conflicts, team members should openly discuss their differences with each other | US | 0 | 7.6 | 10.6 | 37.9 | 43.9 | 0.73 |
| JP | 0 | 3.5 | 15.8 | 33.3 | 47.4 | |||
| Q19 | There are no circumstances where a junior team member should assume control of patient management | US | 43.9 | 36.4 | 12.1 | 6.1 | 1.5 | 0.06 |
| JP | 32.1 | 25 | 35.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | |||
| Q20 | Human error is inevitable | US | 3 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 13.6 | 71.2 | 0.01‡ |
| JP | 3.5 | 7 | 17.5 | 28.1 | 43.9 | |||
| Q21 | Effective team coordination requires members to take into account the personalities of other team members | US | 1.6 | 1.6 | 6.3 | 28.6 | 61.9 | 0.98 |
| JP | 0 | 0 | 8.8 | 31.6 | 59.6 | |||
| Q22 | I always ask questions when I feel there is something I don’t understand | US | 1.5 | 10.8 | 16.9 | 46.2 | 24.6 | 0.90 |
| JP | 0 | 7 | 28.1 | 36.8 | 28.1 | |||