Comparison of healthcare behavioural markers with LOSA behavioural markers*
| LOSA | UTBMNR | Halamek et al(neonatal resuscitation)2 | Gaba et al(anaesthesia)1 | Carthey et al(paediatric cardiac surgery)3†† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *All groups of markers were originally based upon LOSA. Therefore the LOSA markers are listed first in the table. The table is a simplification of LOSA—the LOSA markers were developed for different phases of flight (predeparture/taxi, takeoff/climb, descent/approach/land, and global). For the UTBMNR, we are able to indicate why a marker is or is not comparable to LOSA, as indicated by the remaining footnotes. | ||||
| †Not included because not observed on the video recordings. | ||||
| ‡Collapsed with workload management. | ||||
| §Not included because not observed on the video recordings. | ||||
| ¶Included as part of workload management. | ||||
| **Does not appear to be an important part of neonatal resuscitation. | ||||
| ††The markers from Carthey et al are grouped into team, individual, and organisational markers, as indicated in parentheses after each marker. | ||||
| LOSA, Line Operations Safety Audit; UTBMNR, University of Texas behavioural markers for neonatal resuscitation. | ||||
| Briefings | No comparable marker† | Know the environment | Orientation | Mental readiness (individual) |
| Feedback | ||||
| Plans stated | Intentions verbalised | |||
| Workload assignment | No comparable marker‡ | Distribute workload optimally | Workload distribution | |
| Contingency management | No comparable marker§ | Anticipate and plan | Preparation / planning / anticipation | Anticipation |
| Monitor/crosscheck | No comparable marker¶ | |||
| Workload management | Workload management | Coordination (team) | ||
| Vigilance | Vigilance | Allocate attention wisely | Vigilance | Situational awareness (individual) |
| Automation management | No comparable marker** | |||
| Evaluation of plans | Evaluation of plans | Re-evaluation | ||
| Inquiry | Inquiry | Inquiry / advocacy / assertion | ||
| Assertiveness | Assertion | Inquiry / advocacy / assertion | ||
| Communication environment | Information sharing | Communications | Communication style (individual) | |
| Communication (team) | ||||
| Leadership | Leadership | Assume the leadership role | Leadership/followership | Team leadership (team) |
| Overall hot-seat person effectiveness | ||||
| Teamwork overall | Communicate effectively | Group climate | ||
| Use all available information | Overall anaesthesia crew effectiveness | Cognitive flexibility (individual) | ||
| Use all available resources | Team adaptation (individual) | |||
| Call for help early enough | Safety awareness (individual) | |||
| Maintain professional behaviour | ||||
| Experience (team) | ||||
| Redundancy (team) | ||||
| Adaptation (team) | ||||
| Policy (organisational) | ||||
| Planning and scheduling (organisational) | ||||
| Learning mechanisms (organisational) | ||||