1. Overall perceptions of safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.78) |
39 (12)
|
56*
|
a. Resident safety is never sacrificed to get more work done | 42 (11) | 50* |
b. Our procedures and systems are good at preventing errors from happening | 41 (12) | 67* |
c. It is just by chance that more serious mistakes don’t happen around here | 36 (15) | 56* |
d. We have patient safety problems in this facility (R) | 38 (14) | 53* |
2. Frequency of events reported (Cronbach’s α = 0.71) |
31 (12)
|
52*
|
a. When a mistake is made, but is caught and corrected before affecting the resident, how often is this reported? | 40 (11) | 43 |
b. When a mistake is made, but has no potential to harm the resident, how often is this reported? | 13 (16) | 42* |
c. When a mistake is made that could harm the resident, but does not, how often is this reported? | 28 (14) | 71* |
3. Management Expectations and Actions Promoting Patient Safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.62) |
50 (11)
|
71*
|
a. Management says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established resident safety procedures | 37 (14) | 63* |
b. Management seriously considers staff suggestions for improving resident safety | 66 (9) | 68 |
c. Whenever pressure builds up, my manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts (R) | 55 (8) | 72* |
d. My manager overlooks resident safety problems that happen over and over (R) | 46 (12) | 77* |
4. Organizational learning (Cronbach’s α = 0.77) |
24 (14)
|
71*
|
a. We are actively doing things to improve resident safety | 21 (16) | 78* |
b. Mistakes have led to positive changes here | 27 (14) | 68* |
c. After we make changes to improve resident safety, we evaluate their effectiveness | 23 (11) | 68* |
5. Teamwork within units (Cronbach’s α = 0.80) |
27 (12)
|
74*
|
a. People support one another between units | 37 (13) | 84* |
b. When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done | 33 (12) | 81* |
c. In all units, people treat each other with respect | 24 (10) | 72* |
d. When one area in this unit gets really busy, others help out | 21 (9) | 59* |
6. Communication openness (Cronbach’s α = 0.71) |
27 (12)
|
61*
|
a. Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect resident care | 46 (12) | 72* |
b. Staff feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority | 15 (14) | 43* |
c. Staff are afraid to ask questions when something does not seem right (R) | 23 (12) | 65* |
7. Feedback and communication about error (Cronbach’s α = 0.70) |
38 (13)
|
52*
|
a. We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports | 35 (11) | 48* |
b. We are informed about errors that happen in the units | 45 (9) | 52* |
c. In this facility, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again | 15 (16) | 58* |
8. Non-punitive response to error (Cronbach’s α = 0.72) |
34 (12)
|
43*
|
a. Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them (R) | 28 (14) | 47* |
b. When an event is reported, it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem (R) | 21 (12) | 47* |
c. Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file (R) | 42 (10) | 33* |
9. Staffing (Cronbach’s α = 0.81) |
21 (12)
|
50*
|
a. We have enough staff to handle the workload | 22 (11) | 40* |
b. Staff in this facility work longer hours than is best for resident care | 23 (15) | 54* |
c. We use more agency/temporary staff than is best for resident care | 17 (13) | 67* |
d. We work in “crisis mode” trying to do too much, too quickly (R) | 21 (10) | 37* |
10. Management support for resident safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.66) |
40 (12)
|
60*
|
a. Management provides a work climate that promotes resident safety | 42 (11) | 72* |
b. The actions of management show that resident safety is a top priority | 39 (12) | 60* |
c. Management seems interested in resident safety only after an adverse event happens | 38 (14) | 49* |
11. Teamwork across units (Cronbach’s α = 0.74) |
55 (11)
|
53
|
a. There is good cooperation among units that need to work together | 62 (10) | 54* |
b. Units work well together to provide the best care for residents | 57 (9) | 59 |
c. Units do not coordinate well with each other (R) | 48 (12) | 41* |
d. It is often unpleasant to work with staff from other units (R) | 55 (10) | 57 |
12. Handoffs and transitions (Cronbach’s α = 0.75) |
27 (14)
|
45*
|
a. Things “fall between the cracks” when transferring residents from one unit to another (R) | 36 (12) | 42* |
b. Important resident care information is often lost during shift changes (R) | 15 (15) | 58* |
c. Problems often occur in the exchange of information across units (R) | 32 (14) | 38* |
d. Shift changes are problematic for residents in this facility (R) | 16 (17) | 42* |