Table 1 Parameters used in the decision-tree model
ParameterValue (range)Source
Patient distribution according to VTE risk profile (both branches)Data from surgical patients from previous audit16
    Low0.07
    Moderate0.55
    High0.18
    Very high0.20
Probability of receiving prophylaxis (before GL implementation)Data from surgical patients from previous audit16
    Low0.22
    Moderate0.54
    High0.89
    Very high0.56
Probability of receiving prophylaxis (after GL implementation)Data from surgical patients from previous audit16
    Low0.63
    Moderate0.73
    High0.95
    Very high1
Mean length of prophylaxis8 daysGL recommendations18
Outcome probabilities (without prophylaxis)*
Fatal PEMean values (range)8
    Low0.0001
    Moderate0.0025 (0.001 to 0.004)
    High0.007 (0.004 to 0.01)
    Very high0.025 (0.002 to 0.05)
Clinical PE (a)Mean values (range)8
    Low0.002 (0.001 to 0.003)
    Moderate0.015 (0.01 to 0.02)
    High0.03 (0.02 to 0.04)
    Very high0.07 (0.04 to 0.1)
Total DVT (symptomatic and asymptomatic) (b)Mean values (range)8
    Low0.024 (0.02 to 0.03)
    Moderate0.18 (0.12 to 0.24)
    High0.36 (0.24 to 0.48)
    Very high0.75 (0.50 to 0.85)
Major bleeding0.02 (0.015 to 0.04)Muntz et al19
Symptomatic VTE(a)+[(b)/5]Hypothesis based on literature8
Asymptomatic VTE(b)/5×4Hypothesis based on literature8
Cost of prophylaxis with heparin (per day)€0.33Hospital figures
Cost of elastic stockings (pair)€5.55Hospital figures
Cost associated with outcomes
    Major bleeding€1881.71Drg 453 (med.) and 443 (surg.) reimbursement, weighted according to frequency of re-intervention reported in Muntz et al19
    Symptomatic VTE€2639.36Drg 128 (DVT) and 78 (PE) reimbursement, weighted approximately according to values from Geerts et al8
    Asymptomatic VTE0Hypothesis20
    Fatal PE€3937.00Drg 78 (PE) reimbursement
  • *With prophylaxis, outcome probabilities were reduced by 50% according to a hypothesis based on the literature.78

  • DVT, deep vein thrombosis; GL, clinical guidelines; PE, pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism.