| Characteristics | Total(N = 351)n (%) | High maturity(N = 87)n (%) | Intermediate maturity(N = 177)n (%) | Low maturity(N = 87)n (%) | p Value* |
| Ownership | 0.006 | ||||
| Public | 271 (80.9) | 61 (76.3) | 130 (76.9) | 80 (93.0) | |
| Private not-for-profit | 34 (10.1) | 8 (10.0) | 24 (14.2) | 2 (2.3) | |
| Private for-profit | 30 (9.0) | 11 (13.8) | 15 (8.9) | 4 (4.7) | |
| Total | 335 (100) | 80 (100) | 169 (100) | 86 (100) | |
| Hospital type | 0.364 | ||||
| University hospital | 78 (23.6) | 18 (23.1) | 42 (25.3) | 18 (20.9) | |
| General, residency training | 163 (49.4) | 31 (39.7) | 85 (51.2) | 47 (54.7) | |
| General, non-teaching | 89 (27.0) | 29 (37.2) | 39 (23.5) | 21 (24.4) | |
| Total | 330 (100) | 78 (100) | 166 (100) | 86 (100) | |
| Hospital beds | 0.091 | ||||
| <200 | 60 (18.8) | 18 (23.4) | 26 (16.1) | 16 (19.5) | |
| 200–399 | 97 (30.3) | 23 (29.9) | 53 (32.9) | 21 (25.6) | |
| 400–599 | 63 (19.7) | 13 (16.9) | 33 (20.5) | 17 (20.7) | |
| 600–799 | 38 (11.9) | 14 (18.2) | 19 (11.8) | 5 (6.1) | |
| 800–999 | 22 (6.9) | 2 (2.6) | 13 (8.1) | 7 (8.5) | |
| >999 | 40 (12.5) | 7 (9.1) | 17 (10.6) | 16 (19.5) | |
| Total | 320 (100) | 77 (100) | 161 (100) | 82 (100) |
*Pearson χ2 test (linear-by-linear association for assessment of rank).