Table 1 Summary of Practice-Based Learning and Improvement (PBLI) curriculum

	PBLI teaching sessions (one afternoon/week for 4 weeks—sessions in same order as outlined)
Module 1 (2 h)	Review goals and objectives of the curriculum and the first module
	Residents work in teams of two to four and are given a choice of three clinical cases
	Introduction (didactic) to CQI principles
	Application of CQI principles (small group exercises), that is aim statement, flow chart, change concepts, cause–effect diagram
	Additional outside work: residents to work on flow chart of the process, cause–effect diagram of the problem, application of change concept and measure and aim of project
Module 2 (2 h)	Residents present their work in progress with faculty and peer feedback
	Introduce CQI tools (didactic), including Pareto Chart, Run Chart and Statistical Process Control Chart
	Application (small group exercise) of at least one tool to CQI project
	Additional outside work: residents refine measure and identify appropriate data display
Module 3 (2 h)	Residents present their work in progress with faculty and peer feedback
	Small group activity on measurement and data display in consultation with faculty
	Additional outside work: final preparations for project presentation at Internal Medicine Morbidity and Mortality conference
Module 4 (1½ h)	Teams present projects at Internal Medicine Morbidity and Mortality conference
	Anonymous resident curriculum evaluation and self-assessment