| 1. Characterise the gaps in the process | Addressing these five key research steps could require the use of human factors methods—for example Task Analysis and Process Mapping, Non-Participant Observational Audit, Safety Culture Surveys and Focus Groups, Subject Matter Expert Interviews, Action Research, Simulation Studies |
| 2. Learn how the gaps develop |
| 3. Understand how particular contexts affect the development of gaps |
| 4. Understand how gaps impact care |
| 5. Understand how experts successfully bridge gaps |