Table 1

Self-assessment of comfort level with quality improvement tasks: pre-post and Post (PGY2) versus end of year PGY3

Percentage of residents reporting moderate to extreme comfort with quality improvement task	PGY2 Pre- (%)	PGY3 Control (%)	PGY2 Post- (%)	p values		PGY2 Post versus PGY3 Control
	PGY2 Pre- (%)	PGY3 Control (%)	PGY2 Post- (%)	PGY2 Pre versus Post	PGY2 Pre versus PGY3 Control
	n=26	n=24	n=26	PGY2 Pre versus Post	PGY2 Pre versus PGY3 Control
Write a clear aim	71	71	96	0.01	0.984	0.01
Apply the best professional knowledge	53	67	96	0.001	0.296	0.01
Use measurement to improve	41	54	89	0.001	0.329	0.001
Study the process	21	58	96	0.001	0.003	0.001
Make changes in a system	24	25	89	0.001	0.897	0.001
Identify if a change leads to improvement	32	54	96	0.001	0.097	0.001
Use small cycles of change	11	22	82	0.001	0.170	0.001
Identify best practice/compare local practice	44	58	86	0.001	0.286	0.03
Implement structured plan to test a change	18	42	93	0.001	0.044	0.001
Use Plan–Do–Study–Act cycle	9	13	89	0.001	0.651	0.001
Identify how data are linked to processes	18	21	89	0.001	0.761	0.001
Build next improvement	26	54	93	0.001	0.032	0.001