Table 2 Quality improvement (QI) strategies as applied in European hospitals: organisational quality management programmes/activities; total and per country*, numbers are positive responses in valid percentages (total item response in absolute numbers)
Specification of QI strategyTotalIrelandBelgiumFranceSpainPolandCzech Republic
The use of ISO in implementing a quality system51.2 (336)31.6 (19)21.7 (23)28.6 (63)70.3 (101)50.0 (76)59.5 (37)
The use of EFQM in implementing a quality system29.5 (319)20.0 (20)60.9 (23)3.4 (59)57.4 (101)4.3 (69)20.0 (30)
Active quality improvement team(s)/circles†3492324651067637
    127.547.84.27.719.842.148.6
    217.517.441.720.016.014.513.5
    338.130.429.247.753.823.713.5
    413.24.325.023.18.59.221.6
Committee or person responsible for:
    Hospital infections control98.9 (353)100 (25)100 (24)100 (78)100 (107)100 (80)89.5 (38)
    Blood transfusion92.2 (348)100 (25)100 (24)100 (78)87.5 (104)92.1 (76)78.9 (38)
    Prevention of bed sores85.3 (346)66.7 (21)95.8 (24)79.7 (64)94.2 (104)78.9 (76)84.6 (39)
    Policy on use of antibiotics92.6 (352)87.0 (23)95.8 (24)96.9 (65)98.1 (106)96.1 (76)66.7 (39)
  • *The results for the UK and the Netherlands are included in the total scores but not listed separately, due to the very low response rates.

  • †The sum of percentages may not always equal 100%; the percentage answers “don’t know/no answer” are not listed here. 1 =  yes, in most departments (>50%); 2 =  yes, in most departments (>50%), but not systematically; 3 =  yes, in some departments (<50%); 4 =  no.

  • EFQM, European Foundation for Quality Management.