One-way (ANOVA) on respondent job type
| Scale | Nurses n=930 | Ancillary n=199 | Allied n=116 | Physicians n=75 | F3,1319 | p Value |
| Group Culture | 26.4 (17.4)‡ | 25.9 (18.0)‡ | 31.2 (16.2) | 34.9 (22.0) | 7.65 | 0.0001 |
| Hierarchical Culture | 33.3 (19.7)† | 33.3 (18.7)† | 29.3 (16.8) | 26.5 (17.3) | 413.0 | 0.006 |
| Safety Attitudes Questionnaire | 3.62 (0.53)‡ | 3.61 (0.54)‡ | 3.86 (0.45) | 3.86 (0.37) | 11.58 | 0.0001 |
| Safety Climate Survey | 3.57 (0.62)‡ | 3.60 (0.66)‡ | 3.90 (0.55) | 3.81 (0.56) | 11.92 | 0.0001 |
| Information and Analysis | 3.73 (0.77) | 3.55 (0.74)* | 3.95 (0.65)* | 3.72 (0.72) | 6.77 | 0.0002 |
Eighty-six (6.1%) had missing data on job type; these respondents were excluded from analysis. Degrees of freedom were 3 in the numerator and 1319 in the denominator. All data presented as mean (SD). Ancillary staff includes nurse practitioners and assistants. Allied staff includes pharmacists and respiratory therapists.
↵* Information and Analysis: nurses scored the same as physicians but higher than ancillary personnel and lower than allied professionals.
↵† Hierarchical Culture: nurses and ancillary staff scored higher than physicians.
↵‡ Group Culture, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, and Safety Climate Survey: nurses and ancillary staff scored lower than allied professionals or physicians.