Table 1

Psychometric properties of the items and the five subscales of the Questionnaire for Learning Organizations for the total sample (n=293)

Item no	Subscales (bold) and items; Cronbach α in parentheses	Mean	sd	Skewness Z	Kurtosis Z
	Personal Mastery (0.75)	4.8	0.6	−4.8	3.1
a3^*	My professional expertise is essential for the achievement of good results	5.2	0.9	−10.9	12.9
a5^*	I feel personally responsible for the achievement of good results	5.2	0.8	−7.6	5.9
a6	I have spent time in the past month updating my knowledge and skills (eg, I read professional journals, attend conferences or am taking a professional training course)	3.9	1.7	−2.9	−4.0
a8	I can exert a great deal of influence on improving how I do my job	4.4	1.2	−4.4	−0.2
a10^*	My present job is extremely important to me	4.9	1.0	−6.9	3.7
a13^*	I feel I am personally responsible for a job well done	5.5	0.6	−9.2	11.3
a15^*	My professional expertise is an important part of how I do my job	5.4	0.8	−14.9	29.1
a19	I take initiative when it comes to my job—for example, I introduce matters at the team consultations and present new ideas	4.8	1.1	−6.1	2.0
a22	I envision a career for myself in substance abuse treatment	3.8	1.5	−2.2	−3.1
	Mental Models (0.65)	4.5	0.8	−4.8	2.0
a12^*	I adjust my standpoints and ideas about my job on the basis of quantitative results such as reports on outcomes, the annual report or research reports in my field	3.7	1.4	−1.8	−2.4
a16^*	My standpoints and ideas about my job have a strong effect on how I do my job	5.0	0.9	−8.2	6.7
a18^*	I often adjust my standpoints and ideas about my job via consultations with experts—for example, colleagues, about concrete cases or incidents	4.4	1.1	−6.2	3.4
a20^*	I discuss my standpoints and ideas with other experts in my field—for example, colleagues or groups of experts	4.8	1.1	−8.4	5.3
	Shared Vision (0.59)	3.7	0.9	−1.3	−1.6
a1^*	My opinion matters when the joint policy line on treatment and so forth is formulated at (name of SATC)	2.9	1.5	1.9	−4.2
a4^*	I think (name of SATC) has a clear perspective—for example, on the treatment of clients or on quality care	3.7	1.3	−2.1	−2.6
a11^*	I feel closely involved with (name of SATC)	4.4	1.2	−4.3	−1.4
a17^*	My standpoints and ideas about my job are in keeping with the policy line on treatment and so forth at (name of SATC)	3.9	1.2	−3.2	0.0
a23	I regularly work longer hours than I should	3.7	1.7	−1.2	−4.3
	Team learning (0.88)	3.8	0.9	−1.5	−0.1
b1	The members of my team regularly talk about the statistical results of the work	3.6	1.6	−1.0	−3.9
b2^*	Improvement actions are carefully carried out and monitored by my team	3.7	1.2	−1.4	−1.7
b3^*	The papers or annual reports with the results provide information my team can concretely utilise	3.1	1.4	1.5	−3.3
b4^*	My team has formulated aims regarding the results of the work—for example, waiting times, drop-out percentages and client satisfaction	3.6	1.5	−0.4	−3.6
b5^*	The staff members on my team support each other in learning new skills	4.7	1.1	−7.6	3.7
b6^*	The members of my team regularly stipulate how we can achieve better results and this leads to concrete improvement actions	4.1	1.3	−3.1	−1.6
b7	The members of my team often discuss how the job is done	4.6	1.1	−5.8	1.0
b8	The members of my team evaluate each other's way of working	3.3	1.3	0.4	−2.4
b9	My team's statistical results are evaluated	3.6	1.7	−0.3	−4.5
b10	My team is skilled at jointly studying problems at work, such as excessively high drop-out rates or logistic issues	3.7	1.5	−1.3	−3.1
b11	The members of my team have a lot of time for each other	3.8	1.3	−2.1	−2.8
b12	Every 3 months my team has access to statistical results of the work	3.0	1.7	3.0	−4.1
b13	The members of my team give each other open and honest feedback at official meetings such as team talks, case discussions or training sessions	4.1	1.4	−4.0	−1.2
	Systems thinking (0.32)	4.4	0.6	−2.9	1.9
a2^*	The results of my work are determined in part by the efforts of staff members on my team	4.5	1.2	−5.9	0.5
a7^*	The results of my work are determined in part by the efforts of staff members outside my team	4.0	1.4	−3.5	−2.3
a9^*	As a professional, I have the skills to clearly distinguish the cause and effect of a problem	5.1	0.8	−9.2	13.2
a14^*	As a professional, I solve a problem by approaching it from various angles	5.2	0.8	−7.7	7.6
a21	As a professional, I usually solve problems alone	3.1	1.3	1.9	−2.6
	Total score^† (0.89)	4.2	0.6	−3.0	0.8

Cronbach α values are shown in parentheses.
↵* Items that were kept in the Questionnaire for Learning Organizations.
↵† Mean score of all items.
SATC, substance-abuse treatment centre.