Table 2

Multivariate analysis of health and social expenditures on health outcomes

	Life expectancy		Infant mortality		Maternal mortality		Low birth weight		Potential life years lost (100s)
	Coefficient (SE)	p Value	Coefficient (SE)	p Value	Coefficient (SE)	p Value	Coefficient (SE)	p Value	Coefficient (SE)	p Value
Model 1
Intercept	29.77 (0.92)	<0.001	31.12 (1.15)	<0.001	22.62 (8.40)	0.01	−2.22 (0.86)	0.01	268.26 (7.84)	<0.001
Health expenditures^*	0.28 (0.06)	<0.001	−0.06 (0.04)	0.10	−0.22 (0.25)	0.37	0.10 (0.05)	0.07	−0.82 (0.35)	0.02
(GDP)	4.54 (0.10)	<0.001	−2.52 (0.13)	<0.001	−1.19 (0.92)	0.20	0.76 (0.09)	<0.001	−21.80 (0.86)	<0.001
Model 2
Intercept	24.96 (1.02)	<0.001	33.89 (1.00)	<0.001	25.88 (6.26)	<0.001	−8.30 (0.90)	<0.001	283.09 (6.71)	<0.001
Social expenditures^*	0.08 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.10 (0.01)	<0.001	−0.09 (0.12)	0.45	0.13 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.79 (0.17)	<0.001
(GDP)	5.11 (0.09)	<0.001	−2.68 (0.10)	<0.001	−1.55 (0.57)	0.01	1.24 (0.08)	<0.001	−22.67 (0.59)	<0.001
Model 3
Intercept	27.24 (1.22)	<0.001	36.59 (1.70)	<0.001	19.06 (10.74)	0.08	−12.92 (1.18)	<0.001	296.79 (9.79)	<0.001
Social/health ratio	0.40 (0.19)	0.03	−0.85 (0.18)	<0.001	−0.21 (1.12)	0.85	0.73 (0.08)	<0.001	−5.36 (1.25)	<0.001
Health Spending	0.33 (0.05)	<0.001	−0.28 (0.06)	<0.001	−0.30 (0.30)	0.31	0.14 (0.06)	0.02	−1.65 (0.33)	<0.001
(GDP)	4.66 (0.11)	<0.001	−2.69 (0.15)	<0.001	−0.76 (0.97)	0.43	1.65 (0.11)	<0.001	−22.95 (0.90)	<0.001

The natural logarithm of GDP was included in all models.
* As a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP).