Table 1

H-PEPSS factors and associated items

Factor	Item #	Item: ‘I feel confident in what I learned about…’
1. Working in teams with other health professionals, α=0.81 (items 6, 9, 10)	5^*	Team dynamics and authority/power differences
	6	Managing inter-professional conflict
	7^†	Debriefing and supporting team members after an adverse event or close call
	8^†	Engaging patients as a central participant in the healthcare team
	9	Sharing authority, leadership and decision-making
	10	Encouraging team members to speak up, question, challenge, advocate and be accountable as appropriate to address safety issues
2. Communicating effectively, α=0.85	11	Enhancing patient safety through clear and consistent communication with patients
	12	Enhancing patient safety through effective communication with other healthcare providers
	13	Effective verbal and nonverbal communication abilities to prevent adverse events
3. Managing safety risks, α=0.85	14	Recognising routine situations in which safety problems may arise
	15	Identifying and implementing safety solutions
	16	Anticipating and managing high risk situations
4. Understanding human and environmental factors, α=0.84 (items 17, 18)	17	The role of human factors, such as fatigue, which effect patient safety
	18	The role of environmental factors such as work flow, ergonomics and resources, which effect patient safety
	19^†	Safe application of health technology
5. Recognise and respond to reduce harm, α=0.81(items 20, 21)	20	Recognising an adverse event or close call
	21	Reducing harm by addressing immediate risks for patients and others involved
	22^†	Disclosing an adverse event to the patient
	23^†	Participating in timely event analysis, reflective practice and planning in order to prevent recurrence
6. Culture of safety, α=0.84 (items 25–27)	24^*	The ways in which healthcare is complex and has many vulnerabilities (eg, workplace design, staffing, technology, human limitations)
	25	The importance of having a questioning attitude and speaking up when you see things that may be unsafe
	26	The importance of a supportive environment that encourages patients and providers to speak up when they have safety concerns
	27	The nature of systems (eg, aspects of the organisation, management or the work environment including policies, resources, communication and other processes) and system failures and their role in adverse events

↵* Item removed for redundancy reasons.
↵† Item distal to the remaining items in the construct, item removed.
H-PEPSS, Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey.