Included studies of intensive care unit (ICU) misdiagnoses in general
| Author | Year | Country | Type of study | Length of study period (months) | ICU type | Total # of deaths | No of autopsies used for analysis |
| Berlot7 | 1999 | Italy | Retrospective | 36 | Mixed | 346 | 159 |
| Blosser8 | 1998 | USA | Retrospective | 12 | Med/coronary | 132 | 41 |
| Combes9 | 2004 | France | Prospective | 36 | Med/surg | 315 | 167 |
| Dimopolous10 | 2004 | Belgium | Retrospective | 12 | Med/surg | 489 | 222 |
| Duke11 | 1999 | Australia | Retrospective | 24 | Not given | 238 | Not given |
| Fernandez-Segoviano12 | 1988 | Spain | Prospective | 30 | Mixed | Not given | 100 |
| Fish13 | 2000 | USA | Retrospective | 72 | Burn | 94 | 88 |
| Gerain14 | 1990 | Belgium | Retrospective | 11 | Oncology | 48 | 34 |
| Gut15 | 1999 | Brazil | Retrospective | 36 | Med/surg | 152 | 30 |
| Kallinen16 | 2008 | Finland | Retrospective | 72 | Burn | 74 | 71 |
| Koch17 | 2008 | Germany | Retrospective | 120 | Medical | 1205 | 1205 |
| Magret18 | 2006 | Spain | Retrospective | 46 | Mixed | 525 | 80 |
| Maris19 | 2007 | Belgium | Retrospective | 24 | Med/surg | 786 | 289 |
| Mort20 | 1999 | USA | Retrospective | 72 | Surg | 560 | 149 |
| Nadrous21 | 2003 | USA | Retrospective | 24 | Multiple | 1597 | 455 |
| Ong22 | 2002 | USA | Retrospective | 24 | Trauma/burn | 158 | 153 |
| Palazon-Sanchez23 | 1999 | Spain | Retrospective | 12 | Med/surg | 67 | 24 |
| Papadakis24 | 1991 | USA | Retrospective | 24 | Medical | 401 | 172 |
| Pastores25 | 2007 | USA | Retrospective | 69 | Med/surg | 658 | 86 |
| Perkins26 | 2003 | Great Britain | Retrospective | 42 | Med/surg | 636 | 38 |
| Podbregar27 | 2001 | Slovenia | Retrospective | 24 | Medical | 270 | 126 |
| Podbregar28 | 2011 | Slovenia | Retrospective | 20 | Medical | 373 | 170 |
| Roosen29 | 2000 | Belgium | Retrospective | 24 | Medical | 108 | 100 |
| Saad30 | 2007 | Brazil | Retrospective | 24 | Coronary | Unclear | 161 |
| Sharma31 | 2005 | India | Retrospective | 36 | Trauma/burn | 249 | 163 |
| Silfvast32 | 2003 | Finland | Retrospective | 48 | Mixed | 388 | 346 |
| Simon33 | 2001 | Hungary | Retrospective | 12 | Medical | 163 | 110 |
| Tai34 | 2001 | USA | Retrospective | 24 | Medical | 401 | 91 |
| Tejerina | 2010 | Spain | Retrospective | 300 | Mixed | 2857 | 866 |
| Twigg36 | 2001 | Great Britain | Retrospective | 36 | Med/surg | 252 | 97 |
| Yalamarthi37 | 1998 | Great Britain | Retrospective | 24 | Not given | 233 | 70 |
ICU, Intensive Care Unit.