Self-efficacy (1–7) and SAQ factors (%)
| Measurement | Participants (n) | Before mean (SD) | Difference between professions in level of scores before SBTT | After mean (SD) | Difference between professions in level of scores after the project | p Value | Mean differences and 95% CI estimated from the two-way repeated measures ANOVA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-efficacy | 102 | 5.6 (0.9) | n.s | 5.9 (0.7) | <0.0001 | 0.28 (0.12 to 0.44) | |
| Physicians | 30 | 5.7 (0.9) | 6.2 (0.6) | and nurse assistants p=0.01 | 0.001 | 0.46 (0.19 to 0.73) | |
| Nurses | 53 | 5.6 (0.9) | 5.9 (0.7) | 0.006 | 0.29 (0.08 to 0.49) | ||
| Nurse assistants | 19 | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.6 (0.9) | 0.538 | 0.11 (−0.23 to 0.44) | ||
| Teamwork climate | 114 | 69.2 (12) | n.s. | 72.2 (13) | n.s. | 0.003 | 3.50 (1.23 to 5.77)* |
| Physicians | 35 | 72.6 (10) | 73.7 (11) | 0.566 | 1.10 (−2.68 to 4.87) | ||
| Nurses | 58 | 67.0 (12) | 69.8 (12) | 0.061 | 2.79 (−0.13 to 5.72) | ||
| Nurse assistants | 21 | 69.6 (13) | 76.2 (15) | 0.008 | 6.61 (1.74 to 11.47) | ||
| Safety climate | 114 | 56.6 (15) | 63.5 (14) | <0.001 | 7.46 (4.56 to 10.36)* | ||
| Physicians | 35 | 61.3 (15) | and nurses p=0.005 and nurse assistants p=0.022 | 61.5 (13) | and nurse assistants p<0.001 and nurse assistants p<0.001 | 0.934 | 0.20 (−4.61 to 5.01) |
| Nurses | 58 | 52.2 (14) | 60.6 (13) | <0.001 | 8.37 (4.63 to 12.11) | ||
| Nurse assistants | 21 | 60.9 (16) | 74.7 (15) | <0.001 | 13.80 (7.59 to 20.02) | ||
| Working conditions | 114 | 57.6 (15) | n.s | 61.2 (15) | n.s. | 0.002 | 4.47 (1.70 to 7.25)* |
| Physicians | 35 | 56.8 (16) | 60.2 (14) | 0.147 | 3.39 (−1.21 to 8.00) | ||
| Nurses | 58 | 58.4 (15) | 60.5 (16) | 0.251 | 2.08 (−1.49 to 5.66) | ||
| Nurse assistants | 21 | 57.0 (13) | 65.0 (13) | 0.009 | 7.94 (1.99 to 13.88) | ||
| Job satisfaction | 114 | 71.8 (13) | n.s. | 71.3 (15) | n.s. | 0.890 | 0.17 (−2.18 to 2.52)* |
| Physicians | 35 | 70.1 (11) | 71.9 (13) | 0.389 | 1.70 (−2.20 to 5.61) | ||
| Nurses | 58 | 71.9,(15) | 69.0 (15) | 0.076 | −2.74 (−5.77 to 0.30) | ||
| Nurse assistants | 21 | 74.8 (12) | 76.3 (15) | 0.544 | 1.55 (−3.49 to 6.59) | ||
| Perceptions of management | 114 | 44.8 (17) | n.s. | 45.4 (19) | n.s. | 0.460 | 1.40 (−2.34 to 5.15)* |
| Physicians | 35 | 40.6 (23) | 43.7 (21) | 0.326 | 3.10 (−3.12 to 9.31) | ||
| Nurses | 58 | 47.4 (14) | 45.6 (18) | 0.471 | −1.76 (−6.59 to 3.07) | ||
| Nurse assistants | 21 | 44.9 (13) | 47.8 (17) | 0.479 | 2.88 (−5.14 to 10.90) | ||
| Stress recognition | 114 | 74.9 (18) | 67.7 (21) | <0.001 | −8.05 (−11.20 to −4.90)* | ||
| Physicians | 35 | 74.9 (18) | and nurse assistants p=0.003 | 76.4 (17) | and nurses p=0.03 and nurse assistants p<0.001 and nurse assistants p=0.01 | 0.061 | −5.00 (−10.23 to 0.23) |
| Nurses | 58 | 74.0 (16) | 67.1 (18) | 0.001 | −6.86 (−10.92 to −2.80) | ||
| Nurse assistants | 21 | 66.7 (22) | 54.3 (27) | <0.001 | −12.30 (−19.05 to −5.55) | ||
| Self-efficacy | 102 | 5.6 (0.9) | n.s. | 5.9 (0.7) | <0.0001 | 0.28 (0.12 to 0.44) | |
| Physicians | 30 | 5.7 (0.9) | 6.2 (0.6) | and nurse assistants p=0.01 | 0.001 | 0.46 (0.19 to 0.73) | |
| Nurses | 53 | 5.6 (0.9) | 5.9 (0.7) | 0.006 | 0.29 (0.08 to 0.49) | ||
| Nurse assistants | 19 | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.6 (0.9) | 0.538 | 0.11 (−0.23 to 0.44) |
SAQ factors in percentages are presented for all participants (n=114) and for respective professions before SBTT and after the project. Self-efficacy in mean is presented for all participants (n=102) and for respective professions before SBTT and after the project. p Values refer to differences between before SBTT and after the project using a main effect test for each factor and simple effect test for respective professions. The statistical unit in this table is participants.
*The estimates are adjusted for professions.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; SAQ, safety attitudes questionnaire; SBTT, simulation-based team training.