Surgical teamwork in the 50 observed cases
| Mean* | SD* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O1 | O2 | O1 | O2 | |
| Clinical leadership | 4.83 | 4.85 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Q1. Clinical leadership was shared among disciplines in response to changes in the patient's condition or issues that arose during the operation | 4.88 | 4.86 | 0.32 | 0.64 |
| Q2. Physicians were open to suggestions from nurses | 4.78 | 4.81 | 0.42 | 0.46 |
| Q3. Physicians were present and actively participating in patient care prior to skin incision | 4.86 | 4.86 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
| Q4. Physicians maintained a positive tone throughout the operation | 4.80 | 4.86 | 0.45 | 0.40 |
| Communication | 4.84 | 4.83 | 0.20 | 0.15 |
| Q5. Verbal communication among team members was easy to understand (eg, clearly articulated and spoken at an adequate volume) | 4.54 | 4.62 | 0.58 | 0.57 |
| Q6. Team members shared key information as it became available | 4.92 | 4.96 | 0.28 | 0.20 |
| Q7. Speakers made a visual or spoken effort to confirm that important information was received | 4.96 | 4.88 | 0.20 | 0.33 |
| Q8. Recipients made a visual or spoken effort to confirm that they understood the information communicated | 4.94 | 4.86 | 0.24 | 0.35 |
| Coordination | 4.89 | 4.89 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| Q9. Team members appeared eager to help one another | 4.94 | 4.94 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
| Q10. Team members from different disciplines discussed the patient's condition and the progress of the operation | 4.88 | 4.84 | 0.39 | 0.43 |
| Q11. Plans for patient care were adapted as needed | 4.94 | 4.87 | 0.25 | 0.34 |
| Q12. Clinical tasks were well coordinated among team members | 4.82 | 4.92 | 0.48 | 0.34 |
| Respect | 4.86 | 4.87 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Q13. Team members referred to each other by role instead of name (eg, ‘Nurse’ instead of ‘Dana’). (R) | 4.98 | 5.00 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
| Q14. Discussions took place in a calm, learning-oriented fashion | 4.90 | 4.96 | 0.36 | 0.20 |
| Q15. Team members reacted appropriately when their potential errors or mistakes were pointed out | 4.79 | 4.79 | 0.54 | 0.42 |
| Q16. Potential errors or mistakes were pointed out without raised voices or condescending remarks | 4.79 | 4.75 | 0.54 | 0.55 |
| Assertiveness | 4.85 | 4.97 | 0.16 | 0.01 |
| Q17. Team members made certain that their concerns were understood by other team members | 4.88 | 4.85 | 0.34 | 0.36 |
| Q18. Team members appeared to struggle and did not ask one another for help. (R) | 4.93 | 4.93 | 0.38 | 0.37 |
| Overall teamwork | ||||
| Q19. Please rate surgical teamwork during this procedure | 4.74 | 4.98 | 0.49 | 0.14 |
*Excluding N/A responses; (R), Reverse scored question; O1, observer 1; O2, observer 2.