Table 2

Relative frequency that themes, subthemes and underlying dimensions were discussed in the focus groups

			Frequency individual dimension was discussed in focus groups
Themes	Subthemes	Dimensions	Bedside nurses/RTs (n=3 groups)	Charge nurses (n=3 groups)	Residents (n=1 group)
Social
Team-based care	Family empowerment	Family empowerment	+++	+	+
	Nurse empowerment	Ability/confidence to go ‘up the chain’	++	+++	−
		Leadership role during rounds	++	+	−
	Unit culture that supports teamwork, accountability and safety	Culture that facilitates trusting relationships	++	++	+
		Willingness to ask for second opinions	++	+	+
		Accountability for carrying out mitigation plans	++	+++	+
		Explicit sharing of plans across shifts and disciplines	++	++	+
Technological
Availability of standardised data	Standardised data elements/scores	Paediatric Early Warning Score	+++	+++	−
		Gut feeling	+	++	−
	Tools for entering, displaying and monitoring data and data trends	Tools for entering, displaying and monitoring data and data trends	++	+++	+
Organisational
Standardised processes and procedures	Shared training and language regarding patient risk	Education/training on SA	++	+++	+
		Shared language of ‘watcher’	+++	+++	+
		Experience in deterioration/critical care	+++	+++	+
		Peer coaching and mentoring	++	++	+
		Debriefs after events	++	++	+
	Structure to proactively identify and plan for risk	Huddles	+++	+++	+
		Proactive assessment and planning	++	+++	+
		Clear MRT calling criteria	+	+	−
	Structure to support handoffs and continuity of care	Standardised handoff practices	+	++	+
		Knowledge of patient's medical history/baseline	+	+++	+
		Knowledge of family	−	+	−
		Documented follow-up plans	−	+	−
	Structure that supports adequate workload/staffing	Adequate staffing	++	+++	+
		Staff knowledgeable of disease/patient population	−	+	+
		Extra resources available if needed	++	+	−

−, not mentioned; +, mentioned in one group; ++, mentioned in two groups; +++, mentioned in three groups.
MRT, medical response team; RT, respiratory therapist; SA, situation awareness.