Table 3

Checklist performance in the 50 observed cases

	Yes, w/o prompting		Yes, prompted by checklist		No		N/A
Processes of care	O1	O2	O1	O2	O1	O2	O1	O2
Q1. Was an antibiotic given within 1 h of incision?	40	24	0	18	1	1	9	7
Q2. Were compression boots placed (mechanical deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis)?	36	36	0	0	0	0	14	14
Q3. Was a warmer placed (for case >1 h)?	37	40	1	1	0	1	12	8

Briefing	Yes		No
Briefing	O1	O2	O1	O2

Q4. Which of the following individuals participated in confirming the patient's identity, procedure or operative site before incision?
Circulating nurse	50	49	0	1
Anaesthesia provider	50	49	0	1
Surgeon	50	49	0	1
Surgical tech	49	49	1	1
Q5. Did team members introduce themselves by name and role (eg, ‘Lynn, the anaesthesiologist.’)?	44	43	6	7
Q5a. If no, was this team established (ie, introductions performed earlier the same day)?	6	5	6	5
Q6. Before incision, did the surgeon discuss the operative plan?	22	20	28	30
Q7. Before incision, did the surgeon state the expected duration of the procedure?	31	33	19	17
Q8. Before incision, did the surgeon communicate the expected blood loss (EBL)?	30	31	20	19
Q9. Before incision, did the nurse discuss sterility, equipment, or any other concerns?	45	41	5	9
Q10. Before incision, did the anaesthesia provider discuss the anaesthesia plan (including airway or other concerns)?	43	32	6	18
Q11. Were all checklist items read aloud, without reliance on memory?	22	23	28	27

	Yes		No		N/A
Debriefing	O1	O2	O1	O2	O1	O2

Q12. Before the patient left the OR, did the team discuss specimen labelling (eg, labels/patient name read aloud)?	25	25	9	8	16	17
Q13. Before the patient left the OR, did the team discuss equipment or other problems that arose?	46	44	4	5	0	1
Q14. Before the patient left the OR, did the team discuss key concerns for patient recovery and postoperative management?	40	41	9	9	0	0

Buy-In	Yes		No
Buy-In	O1	O2	O1	O2

Q15. Which of the following individuals actively participated in discussing checklist items?
Circulating nurse	50	49	0	1
Anaesthesia provider	50	50	0	0
Surgeon	50	50	0	0
Surgical tech	50	48	0	1

Q16-19. For questions 16–19 rate checklist buy-in using the descriptions below. ‘1’ represents poor buy-in; ‘5’ represents excellent buy-in	Mean		SD
	O1	O2	O1	O2

Nurse	4.78	4.88	0.46	0.39
Anaesthesiologist	4.78	4.84	0.51	0.47
Surgeon	4.82	4.80	0.44	0.64
Surgical tech	4.84	4.82	0.42	0.48

Additional data	Yes		No
Additional data	O1	O2	O1	O2

Q20. Did the circulating nurse leave the OR repeatedly to find instruments or equipment?	17	16	32	33
Q21. Were instruments and equipment available and functioning throughout the case?	24	23	26	27
Q22. Was a potential error or omission averted by the checklist?	0	0	50	50

	Yes		No		N/A
	O1	O2	O1	O2	O1	O2

Q23. If there is significant EBL, was a type and cross sent or blood products available?	0	0	0	0	50	50
Q24. If there is significant EBL, was adequate intravenous access discussed and obtained?	0	0	0	0	50	50
Q25. If expected duration of operation >2 h, was the need for antibiotic re-dosing discussed?	0	0	1	1	49	49

O1, observer 1; O2, observer 2.