Construction of the subscales: presentation of the single items and the instrument origin (Nursing Work Index—Revised (NWI-R), Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC)
| Subscales | Single items |
|---|---|
| Staffing adequacy (NWI-R) | Enough time and opportunity to discuss patient care problems with other nurses |
| Enough registered nurses to provide quality patient care | |
| Enough staff to get the work done | |
| Nurse–physician relationship (NWI-R) | Physicians and nurses have good working relationships |
| A lot of team work between nurses and physicians | |
| Collaboration (joint practice) between nurses and physicians | |
| Physicians value nurses’ observations and judgments | |
| Physicians recognise nurses’ contributions to patient care | |
| Physicians respect nurses as professionals | |
| Physicians hold nurses in high esteem | |
| Quality system (NWI-R) | A clear philosophy of nursing that pervades the patient care environment |
| Working with nurses who are clinically competent | |
| An active quality assurance programme | |
| A preceptor programme for newly hired registered nurses | |
| Nursing care is based on a nursing model, rather than a medical model | |
| Written, up-to-date nursing care plans for all patients | |
| Patient care assignments that foster continuity of care (ie, the same nurse cares for the patient from one day to the next) | |
| Patient safety management (HSOPSC) | In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again |
| We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports | |
| The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority |