Mean Likert scale score for survey items of the SUC-Safe and SUC-Prof scales, and the SAQ Short Form Scale teamwork and safety domains
| Item | Calibration Sample n=353 Mean±SD | Validation Sample n=484 Mean±SD | Total Sample n=837 Mean±SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speaking Up Climate for Patient Safety (SUC-Safe) | |||
| 1. I am not responsible for the safety of patients on other healthcare teams*†‡ | 3.76±1.19 | 3.88±1.13 | 3.83±1.16 |
| 2. Speaking up about patient safety concerns results in meaningful change in my clinical area | 3.65±0.96 | 3.59±0.95 | 3.62±0.95 |
| 3. In my clinical area, it is difficult to speak up if I have a patient safety concern†§ | 3.70±1.12 | 3.72±1.04 | 3.71±1.07 |
| 4. The culture in my clinical area makes it easy to speak up about a patient safety concern that does not involve me or my patients* | 3.47±1.05 | 3.46±1.05 | 3.46±1.05 |
| 5. In my clinical area, I observe others speaking up about patient safety concerns even if they are not directly involved in the patient's care* | 3.26±1.09 | 3.21±1.08 | 3.23±1.09 |
| 6. I am encouraged by my colleagues to speak up about patient safety concerns¶ | 3.84±0.98 | 3.67±1.01 | 3.74±1.00 |
| Speaking Up Climate for Professionalism (SUC-Prof) | |||
| 1. Speaking up about unprofessional behaviour is important for patient safety‡ | 4.21±0.80 | 4.15±0.88 | 4.18±0.85 |
| 2. The unprofessional behaviour of providers on other healthcare teams in my clinical area is none of my business*†‡ | 3.87±1.06 | 3.74±1.11 | 3.80±1.09 |
| 3. Speaking up about unprofessional behaviour results in meaningful change in my clinical area | 3.20±1.02 | 3.17±1.03 | 3.19±1.02 |
| 4. In my clinical area, it is difficult to speak up if I observe unprofessional behaviour†§‡ | 2.97±1.16 | 3.04±1.12 | 3.01±1.14 |
| 5. The culture in my clinical area makes it easy to speak up about unprofessional behaviour that does not involve me or my patients* | 2.93±1.11 | 3.06±1.05 | 3.00±1.08 |
| 6. In my clinical area, I observe others speaking up about unprofessional behaviour even if it does not involve them or their patients* | 2.75±1.13 | 2.78±1.08 | 2.77±1.10 |
| 7. I am encouraged by my colleagues to speak up about unprofessional behaviour¶ | 3.14±1.08 | 3.08±1.05 | 3.11±1.06 |
| Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form Scale—Teamwork domain | |||
| 1. Nurse input is well received in my clinical area | 4.24±0.76 | 4.08±0.89 | 4.14±0.84 |
| 2. In my clinical area, it is difficult to speak up if I perceive a problem with patient care† | 3.78±1.08 | 3.70±1.06 | 3.73±1.07 |
| 3. Disagreements in my clinical area are resolved appropriately (ie, not who is right, but what is best for the patient) | 3.82±0.91 | 3.77±0.92 | 3.79±0.91 |
| 4. I have the support I need from other personnel to care for patients | 4.13±0.87 | 4.08±0.87 | 4.10±0.87 |
| 5. It is easy for personnel here to ask questions when there is something that they do not understand | 4.22±0.78 | 4.20±0.82 | 4.21±0.81 |
| 6. The physicians and nurses here work together as a well-coordinated team | 4.07±0.87 | 3.91±0.91 | 3.98±0.90 |
| Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form Scale—Safety domain | |||
| 1. I would feel safe being treated here as a patient | 4.36±0.85 | 4.07±0.97 | 4.19±0.94 |
| 2. Medical errors are handled appropriately in my clinical area | 4.11±0.82 | 4.06±0.75 | 4.08±0.78 |
| 3. I know the proper channels to direct questions regarding patient safety in my clinical area | 4.10±0.93 | 4.01±0.92 | 4.05±0.93 |
| 4. I receive appropriate feedback about my performance | 3.91±0.99 | 3.91±0.97 | 3.91±0.98 |
| 5. In my clinical area, it is difficult to discuss errors† | 3.53±1.10 | 3.68±0.99 | 3.61±1.04 |
| 6. I am encouraged by my colleagues to report any patient safety concerns I may have | 3.90±0.95 | 3.75±0.94 | 3.81±0.95 |
| 7. The culture in my clinical area makes it easy to learn from the errors of others | 3.82±0.94 | 3.74±0.96 | 3.77±0.95 |
*Survey items related to speaking up as a bystander.
†Negatively worded items were reverse coded, so that higher scores represent more positive perceptions for all items.
‡Items excluded from final scale based on factor analysis.
§Items adapted from Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form Scale—Teamwork domain item 2.
¶Items adapted from Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Short Form Scale—Safety domain item 6.