Risk-of-bias assessment of included studies
Lead author, year | Sequence generation | Concealment of allocation | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Other source of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Educational | |||||
Hershberger, 199729 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High |
Nendaz, 201145 | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low |
Reilly, 201328 | High | High | Unclear | Low | High |
Round, 199946 | High | High | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
Schnapp, 201453 | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | High |
Sherbino, 201447 | High | High | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Workplace | |||||
Checklist | |||||
Graber, 201460 | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | Low |
Shimizu, 201348 | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | Low |
Sibbald, 201361 | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low |
Sibbald, 201354 | Low | High | Unclear | Low | High |
Cognitive forcing strategies | |||||
Arzy, 200962 | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low |
Feyzi-Behnagh, 201455 | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low |
Regehr, 199456 | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | Low |
Guided reflection | |||||
Mamede, 200839 | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | Low |
Mamede, 201042 | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low |
Mamede, 201263 | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low |
Myung, 201349 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Schmidt, 201458 | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low |
Instructions at test | |||||
Ilgen, 201164 | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | Low |
Ilgen, 201367 | Low | High | Unclear | Low | Low |
Kulatunga-Moruzi, 200150 | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low |
Kulatunga-Moruzi, 201151 | Unclear | High | Unclear | Low | Low |
Norman, 201457 | High | High | High | Low | Unclear |
Sbbald, 201268 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Sibbald, 201259 | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
Other interventions | |||||
Ibiapina, 201452 | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | Low |
Mamede, 201065 | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | Low |
Payne, 201166 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low |