Variable of interest | Laboratory experiment (n=330) | Field study (n=462) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted for confounders* | OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted for confounders* | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Fixed effects | ||||||
Indicator level | ||||||
1. Outcome vs process indicator | 2, 3 | 0.65 (0.23 to 1.84) | 0.413 | 2–5 | 0.88 (0.26 to 2.93) | 0.836 |
2. Performance score (per 10% decrease) | 1 | 1.54 (1.29 to 1.83) | <0.001 | 1, 4–6† | 1.25 (1.13 to 1.39) | <0.001 |
3. Benchmark category | 1, 2 | 1, 2, 4–6† | ||||
Intermediate vs high | 23.15 (6.96 to 76.95) | <0.001 | 1.42 (0.55 to 3.70) | 0.472 | ||
Low vs high | 12.04 (1.33 to 108.90) | 0.027 | 0.64 (0.10 to 4.34) | 0.652 | ||
4. Selected in previous action plan | − | 1–3, 5, 6† | 10.22 (4.98 to 20.98) | <0.001 | ||
Feedback report level | ||||||
5. A&F iteration number | − | 1–4, 6† | 0.46 (0.32 to 0.66) | <0.001 | ||
6. Team size | − | 2–5† | 1.03 (0.87 to 1.21) | 0.727 | ||
Explained variance (full model‡) | p Value | Explained variance (full model ‡) | p Value | |||
Random effects | ||||||
Quality indicator | 1.0% | 0.649 | 5.8% | 0.004 | ||
Feedback report | 7.9% | 0.076 | 6.6% | 0.065 | ||
CR professional | 16.0% | 0.006 | − | |||
CR centre | 1.6% | 0.760 | 0.0% | 0.964 | ||
Conditional R2 | 61.3% | 50.4% | ||||
Marginal R2 | 34.7% | 37.9% |
Each analysis was adjusted for potential confounders, and limited to complete cases (no ‘grey’ indicators).
*Numbers correspond to the variables listed in the first column.
†Also adjusted for centre type.
‡Also adjusted for all CR professional-level variables: gender, years of clinical experience, percentage of time spent on direct patient care, discipline, coordinating function, number of outreach visits attended in CARDSS-II (laboratory experiment part only) and the CR centre-level variable: centre type (both parts).
A&F, audit and feedback; CR, cardiac rehabilitation.