Participant characteristics
| Role | Survey respondents | In-depth interview participants | ||
| n | % | n | % | |
| Physician | 42 | 19 | 42 | 21 |
| Physician assistant/advanced practice nurse | 7 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| Nurse | 56 | 25 | 54 | 27 |
| Management and administration | 70 | 31 | 32 | 16 |
| Quality improvement staff | 16 | 7 | 22 | 11 |
| Emergency medical services staff | 10 | 4 | 13 | 7 |
| Pharmacists | 12 | 5 | 13 | 7 |
| Other | 10 | 4 | 15 | 8 |
| Total | 223 | 197 | ||