Perceived concerns (Cronbach’ s a lpha = 0.77) |
PC1 | … have you had specific concerns about patient safety? | 80.0 | 80.4 | 78.5 |
PC2 | … have you observed an error which—if uncaptured—could be harmful to patients? | 61.9 | 61.7 | 62.4 |
PC3 | … have often have you noticed that your workplace colleagues haven’t followed important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally? | 65.8 | 68.5 | 55.6 |
Withholding voice (Cronbach’s alpha=0.71) |
WV1 | … did you choose not to bring up your specific concerns about patient safety? | 33.4 | 34.4 | 29.9 |
WV2 | … did you keep ideas for improving patient safety in your unit to yourself? | 39.0 | 41.1 | 31.2 |
WV3 | … did you remain silent when you had information that might have prevented a safety incident in your unit? | 18.8 | 19.8 | 14.8 |
WV4 | … did you not address a colleague (doctors and/or nurses) if he/she didn’t follow important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally? | 39.4 | 42.7 | 27.3 |
Speaking up (Cronbach’s alpha=0.86) |
SU1 | … did you bring up specific concerns about patient safety? | 75.8 | 76.8 | 71.7 |
SU2 | … did you address an error which—if uncaptured—could be harmful for patients ? | 69.6 | 70.2 | 67.7 |
SU3 | … did you address a colleague (doctors and/or nurses) when he/she didn’t follow important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally? | 64.0 | 66.5 | 54.5 |
SU4 | … did you prevent an incident from occurring as a consequence of bringing up specific concerns about patient safety? | 54.5 | 56.4 | 47.3 |