Characteristic | Admission medication history obtained via: | |||||
Usual care (n=101) | Usual care plus pharmacist (n=103) | Usual care plus pharmacist-supervised pharmacy technician (n=102) | ||||
Age, mean (SD), year | 71 | 18 | 72 | 16 | 71 | 16 |
Female (n, %) | 48 | (48%) | 54 | (52%) | 55 | (54%) |
Latino (n, %) | 7 | (7%) | 5 | (5%) | 5 | (5%) |
Race (n, %) | ||||||
White | 66 | (65%) | 75 | (73%) | 65 | (64%) |
Black | 22 | (22%) | 28 | (28%) | 25 | (26%) |
Asian | 5 | (5%) | 6 | (6%) | 6 | (6%) |
Other | 0 | (0%) | 0 | (0%) | 1 | (1%) |
Insurance (n, %) | ||||||
Commercial | 14 | (14%) | 14 | (14%) | 17 | (17%) |
Medicaid only | 7 | (7%) | 12 | (12%) | 9 | (9%) |
Medicare | 78 | (77%) | 76 | (74%) | 75 | (74%) |
Other | 2 | (2%) | 1 | (1%) | 1 | (1%) |
Inclusion criteria, accessed via EHR (n, %)* | ||||||
>10 active chronic prescription medications | 65 | (64%) | 71 | (69%) | 71 | (70%) |
History of acute myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure | 42 | (42%) | 34 | (33%) | 38 | (37%) |
Admission from skilled nursing facility | 16 | (16%) | 12 | (12%) | 17 | (17%) |
History of transplant | 2 | (2%) | 4 | (4%) | 3 | (3%) |
Anticoagulant, insulin or other narrow therapeutic index medication | 81 | (80%) | 97 | (94%) | 91 | (89%) |
Other | ||||||
Number of active medications in EHR at randomisation (mean, SD) | 15 | 7 | 15 | 7 | 15 | 6 |
Neighbourhood household income, median (IQR), annual US$† | 66 063 | (42 615, 71 132) | 66 063 | (43 202, 77 165) | 66 063 | (42 615, 79 233) |
Weighted Charlson comorbidity score, mean (SD) | 3.1 | (2.4) | 3.5 | (2.8) | 3.6 | (2.6) |
Inpatient stay within 3 months prior to admission (n, %) | 40 | (40%) | 42 | (41%) | 40 | (40%) |
>2 encounters with PCP or internal medicine consultants within 3 months prior to admission (n, %) | 49 | (49%) | 41 | (40%) | 51 | (50%) |
*Many patients qualified for multiple inclusion criteria, such that the percentages sum to more than 100%.
†Neighbourhood household income was estimated by linking patients’ zip codes to 2010 US Census median household income data.
EHR, electronic health record; PCP, primary care physician.